The Public Investment Management Assessment Handbook (PIMA Handbook) gives a concise overview of the framework used to identify key bottlenecks in public investment management and develop an action plan for reform.' This handbook is aimed at all stakeholders who are involved in PIMA or have a practical interest in public investment management. The PIMA is a comprehensive and standardized framework to assess public investment management for countries at all levels of economic development. PIMAs evaluate 15 institutions, or practices, involved in the three key stages of the public investment cycle: planning, allocation and implementation; it also assesses three cross-cutting institutions: the legal framework, IT systems, and staff capacity. The PIMA assesses both institutional design ("what is on paper") and effectiveness ("what is in practice"). This handbook provides a detailed practitioner's guide to applying the PIMA framework, including by describing the key issues and challenges identified in PIMAs, providing ample examples from country practices, as well as discussing the main recommendations to improve public investment management.