Chapter 1 Getting Started 1 1-1 Introduction 2 1-2 Tabs and Panels 5 1-3 The Command Line Window 6 1-4 Command Tools 7 1-5 Starting a New Drawing 8 1-6 Naming a Drawing 8 1-7 Drawing Units 11 1-8 Drawing Limits 13 1-9 Grid and Snap 17 1-10 Drawing Problem 18 1-11 Save and Save As 21 1-12 Open 23 1-13 Close 24 1-14 Exercise Problems 25 Chapter 2 Fundamentals of 2D Construction 29 2-1 Introduction 29 2-2 Line--Random Points 29 2-3 Erase 32 2-4 Line--Snap Points 34 2-5 Line--Dynamic Input 35 2-6 Construction Line 38 2-7 Circle 42 2-8 Circle Centerline 45 2-9 Polyline 46 2-10 Spline 50 2-11 Ellipse 51 2-12 Rectangle 54 2-13 Polygon 55 2-14 Point 56 2-15 Text 57 2-16 Move 62 2-17 Copy 63 2-18 Offset 64 2-19 Mirror 65 2-20 Array 65 2-21 Rotate 68 2-22 Trim 69 2-23 Extend 70 2-24 Break 71 2-25 Chamfer 72 2-26 Fillet 73 2-27 Table 74 2-28 Exercise Problems 78 Chapter 3 Advanced Commands 89 3-1 Introduction 89 3-2 Object Snap 89 3-3 Osnap--Endpoint 92 3-4 Osnap--Midpoint 93 3-5 Osnap--Intersection 93 3-6 Osnap--Apparent Intersection 94 3-7 Osnap--Center 95 3-8 Osnap--Quadrant 96 3-9 Osnap--Perpendicular 96 3-10 Osnap--Tangent 97 3-11 Osnap--Nearest 97 3-12 Drawing Problem 98 3-13 Drawing Problem 100 3-14 Grips 101 3-15 Grips--Extend 103 3-16 Grips--Move 104 3-17 Grips--Rotate 104 3-18 Grips--Scale 105 3-19 Grips--Mirror 106 3-20 Blocks 106 3-21 Working with Blocks 110 3-22 Wblock 115 3-23 Layers 117 3-24 Attributes 126 3-25 Title Blocks with Attributes 132 3-26 Edit Polyline 135 3-27 Edit Spline 136 3-28 Edit Text 137 3-29 Constructing the Bisector of an Angle, Method I 138 3-30 Constructing the Bisector of an Angle, Method II 138 3-31 Constructing an Ogee Curve (S-Curve) with Equal Arcs 139 3-32 Constructing a Parabola 141 3-33 Constructing a Hyperbola 141 3-34 Constructing a Spiral 143 3-35 Constructing a Helix 143 3-36 Designing by Using Shape Parameters 145 3-37 Exercise Problems 149 Chapter 4 Sketching 169 4-1 Introduction 169 4-2 Establishing Your Own Style 169 4-3 Graph Paper 170 4-4 Pencils 170 4-5 Lines 171 4-6 Proportions 172 4-7 Curves 173 4-8 Drawing Problem 175 4-9 Isometric Sketches 176 4-10 Drawing Problem 179 4-11 Oblique Sketches 180 4-12 Perspective Sketches 182 4-13 Working in Different Orientations 184 4-14 Exercise Problems 185 Chapter 5 Orthographic Views 199 5-1 Introduction 199 5-2 Three Views of an Object 200 5-3 Visualization 201 5-4 Hidden Lines 203 5-5 Hidden Line Conventions 204 5-6 Drawing Hidden Lines 205 5-7 Precedence of Lines 209 5-8 Slanted Surfaces 210 5-9 Projection Between Views 211 5-10 Drawing Problem 212 5-11 Compound Lines 213 5-12 Drawing Problem 214 5-13 Oblique Surfaces 215 5-14 Drawing Problem 217 5-15 Rounded Surfaces 217 5-16 Drawing Problem 219 5-17 Holes 220 5-18 Holes in Slanted Surfaces 222 5-19 Cylinders 226 5-20 Drawing Problem 227 5-21 Cylinders with Slanted and Rounded Surfaces 228 5-22 Drawing Problem 228 5-23 Drawing Conventions and Cylinders 229 5-24 Irregular Surfaces 230 5-25 Drawing Problem 231 5-26 Hole Callouts 232 5-27 Castings 234 5-28 Drawing Problem 237 5-29 Thin-Walled Objects 238 5-30 Drawing Problem 239 5-31 Intersections 240 5-32 Drawing Problem 241 5-33 Drawing Problem 242 5-34 Drawing Problem 243 5-35 Designing by Modifying an Existing Part 245 5-36 Drawing Standards 247 5-37 Third- and First-Angle Projections 249 5-38 Exercise Problems 251 Chapter 6 Sectional Views 285 6-1 Introduction 285 6-2 Cutting Plane Lines 287 6-3 Indicating Solid Cuts 290 6-4 Hatch 292 6-5 Drawing Problem 295 6-6 Styles of Section Lines 296 6-7 Sectional View Location 296 6-8 Holes in Sections 297 6-9 Gradients 298 6-10 Offset Sections 299 6-11 Multiple Sections 300 6-12 Aligned Sections 300 6-13 Drawing Conventions in Sections 301 6-14 Half, Partial, and Broken-Out Sectional Views 302 6-15 Removed Sectional Views 303 6-16 Breaks 303 6-17 Sectional Views of Castings 305 6-18 Exercise Problems 306 Chapter 7 Auxiliary Views 327 7-1 Introduction 327 7-2 Projection Between Normal and Auxiliary Views 328 7-3 Drawing Problem 331 7-4 Transferring Lines Between Views 332 7-5 Drawing Problem 334 7-6 Projecting Rounded Surfaces 335 7-7 Drawing Problem 335 7-8 Projecting Irregular Surfaces 337 7-9 Drawing Problem 337 7-10 Drawing Problem 339 7-11 Partial Auxiliary Views 340 7-12 Sectional Auxiliary Views 341 7-13 Auxiliary Views of Oblique Surfaces 342 7-14 Secondary Auxiliary Views 343 7-15 Drawing Problem 346 7-16 Secondary Auxiliary View of an Ellipse 348 7-17 Exercise Problems 350 Chapter 8 Dimensioning 367 8-1 Introduction 367 8-2 Terminology and Conventions 368 8-3 Linear Dimensions 370 8-4 Dimension Styles 376 8-5 Units 380 8-6 Aligned Dimensions 384 8-7 Radius and Diameter Dimensions 385 8-8 Angular Dimensions 391 8-9 Ordinate Dimensions 393 8-10 Baseline Dimensions 396 8-11 Continued Dimensions 398 8-12 Quick Dimension 399 8-13 Center Mark 400 8-14 Mleader and Qleader 401 8-15 Text Angle 404 8-16 Tolerances 405 8-17 Dimensioning Holes 406 8-18 Placing Dimensions 408 8-19 Fillets and Rounds 409 8-20 Rounded Shapes--Internal 409 8-21 Rounded Shapes--External 410 8-22 Irregular Surfaces 410 8-23 Polar Dimensions 411 8-24 Chamfers 412 8-25 Knurling 413 8-26 Keys and Keyseats 414 8-27 Symbols and Abbreviations 414 8-28 Symmetry and Centerline 415 8-29 Dimensioning to Points 415 8-30 Coordinate Dimensions 416 8-31 Sectional Views 417 8-32 Orthographic Views 417 8-33 Very Large Radii 419 8-34 Exercise Problems 420 Chapter 9 Tolerancing 441 9-1 Introduction 441 9-2 Direct Tolerance Methods 441 9-3 Tolerance Expressions 442 9-4 Understanding Plus and Minus Tolerances 443 9-5 Creating Plus and Minus Tolerances with AutoCAD 443 9-6 Limit Tolerances 446 9-7 Creating Limit Tolerances in AutoCAD 447 9-8 Angular Tolerances 448 9-9 Standard Tolerances 450 9-10 Double Dimensioning 450 9-11 Chain Dimensions and Baseline Dimensions 451 9-12 Tolerance Studies 453 9-13 Rectangular Dimensions 454 9-14 Hole Locations 455 9-15 Choosing a Shaft for a Toleranced Hole 456 9-16 Drawing Problem 457 9-17 Drawing Problem 458 9-18 Standard Fits (Metric Values) 458 9-19 Nominal Sizes 461 9-20 Hole and Shaft Basis 461 9-21 Drawing Problem 461 9-22 Standard Fits (Inch Values) 462 9-23 Drawing Problem 463 9-24 Preferred and Standard Sizes 463 9-25 Surface Finishes 465 9-26 Surface Control Symbols 467 9-27 Drawing Problem 467 9-28 Exercise Problems 472 Chapter 10 Geometric Tolerances 487 10-1 Introduction 487 10-2 Tolerances of Form 488 10-3 Flatness 488 10-4 Straightness 489 10-5 Straightness (RFS and MMC) 489 10-6 Circularity 492 10-7 Cylindricity 493 10-8 Creating Geometric Tolerances in AutoCAD 493 10-9 Tolerances of Orientation 500 10-10 Datums 501 10-11 Perpendicularity 502 10-12 Parallelism 504 10-13 Angularism 504 10-14 Profiles 505 10-15 Runouts 506 10-16 Positional Tolerances 508 10-17 Virtual Condition 509 10-18 Floating Fasteners 510 10-19 Drawing Problem 511 10-20 Drawing Problem 511 10-21 Fixed Fasteners 512 10-22 Drawing Problem 513 10-23 Design Problems 514 10-24 Exercise Problems 516 Chapter 11 Threads and Fasteners 535 11-1 Introduction 535 11-2 Thread Terminology 535 11-3 Thread Callouts--Metric Units 536 11-4 Thread Callouts--English Units 536 11-5 Thread Representations 538 11-6 Orthographic Views of Internal Threads 542 11-7 Sectional Views of Internal Thread Representations 544 11-8 Types of Threads 544 11-9 How to Draw an External Square Thread 545 11-10 How to Draw an Internal Square Thread 546 11-11 How to Draw an External Acme Thread 546 11-12 Bolts and Nuts 548 11-13 Screws 549 11-14 Studs 550 11-15 Head Shapes 550 11-16 Nuts 554 11-17 Drawing Problem 557 11-18 Drawing Problem 558 11-19 Standard Screws 559 11-20 Set screws 560 11-21 Washers 561 11-22 Keys 562 11-23 Rivets 563 11-24 Springs 564 11-25 Tool Palettes 567 11-26 Exercise Problems 569 Chapter 12 Working Drawings 579 12-1 Introduction 579 12-2 Assembly Drawings 579 12-3 Drawing Formats (Templates) 582 12-4 Title Block 584 12-5 Revision Block 586 12-6 Tolerance Block 588 12-7 Release Block 588 12-8 Parts List (Bill of Materials [BOM]) 589 12-9 Detail Drawings 591 12-10 First-Angle.