In recent years, a conservative majority of the US Supreme Court, over vigorous dissents, has developed circumventions to the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment that allow state legislatures unabashedly to use public tax dollars to aid private elementary and secondary education, with the vast majority of that funding reaching parochial schools and other religiously-affiliated education providers. Yet the innovative and expanding legislation that enables such governmental financial support remains constitutionally problematic. Moreover, the Court's 2011 decision in Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn compounds the dilemma, inappropriately denying taxpayers recourse to challenge these proliferating tax funding schemes in federal courts. This book explores the First Amendment conundrums.