Ai Noi LEE (Ph.D.) is a senior lecturer at National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. She teaches undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as adult learners in continuing education. Her research interests are in leadership, work motivation, work readiness, and training transfer studies. She is particularly keen in applying psychological theories and principles to understand motivation and learning issues in educational and work settings. She has published in peer-reviewed journals in the areas of empowerment, leadership and management, adult learning, and work motivation. Youyan NIE (Ph.

D) is an associate professor at National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. She obtained her Ph.D. in Educational Psychology from Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) and M.Ed. in Educational Psychology from Northeast Normal University (China). Her research interests include motivation in education, self-regulated learning, and innovation in curriculum, instruction, and assessment. She has taught psychology at various levels (i.

e., graduate, undergraduate, and secondary) since 2001.