The last 20 years have dramatically transformed our understanding of the developing human brain during adolescence. By combining information from neuroimaging studies with evidence from animal research, psychological research, epidemiology and histology, we can piece together the major developments, and relate these to typical adolescent behaviours. There is immense potential for the fields of health, education and law to learn from this growing knowledge of the adolescent brain. Conversely, in this relatively young field of adolescent neuroscience, there are many important questions as yet unanswered. The aim of this book is to describe what we know about the adolescent brain from a neuroscience perspective, to increase knowledge and understanding among students and professionals.