Women and madness in the early Romantic novel returns madness to a central role in feminist literary criticism by offering a close look at the novels of five early Romantic-period women authors. In an updated exploration of hysteria, melancholia, and love-madness, Weiss maintains that Mary Wollstonecraft, Eliza Fenwick, and Mary Hays created novels that exposed how medical models for mental disease and the popular sentimental figure of the love-mad maid (the woman who loses her mind when she loses her man) made it possible for men to hide their culpability for injuring women. Weiss demonstrates that in their novels, patriarchal structures of control are responsible for the protagonists' bouts of hysteria and their dangerous melancholia. Making careful and important distinctions between authors, Weiss shows how the popular and more mainstream authors such as Maria Edgeworth and Amelia Opie explored less gendered and less victimised models of causality, such as the shock of traumatic experience on the human psyche, misplaced passions, erroneous associations, and remorse. Taken as a whole, the book demonstrates that these authors' treatment of female madness played a key role in the development of the psychologically complex female heroine of the nineteenth-century novel. In so doing, Weiss makes a powerful case for focusing on women's mental health in eighteenth- and nineteenth- century literary criticism.