CONTENTS Preface 1. Background and History Introduction Police in America City Police Departments County Sheriff Departments State Troopers State Investigative Agencies Federal Agencies History of American Policing Early British Policing Robert Peel and the Metropolitan Police Early American Policing Professional Era of Policing Police Subculture Extremism in the United States Motivations of Political Extremism in the United States Extremism and the Radicalization Process How Radicalization Occurs History of Policing's Intersection with Extremism References 2. Problems, Controversies, and Solutions Introduction Identifying Extremism in Law Enforcement Questionable Social Media Activity Impediments to Removing Police Officers from the Profession Due Process Rights Labor Unions Free Speech Rights Parallel Problem of Extremism in the Military Infiltration of Law Enforcement by Extremist Groups: The First of Two Threats Known Extremist Activity or Allegiance in Law Enforcement Sympathizing with Extremists: The Second Threat The Appeal of Extremism for Law Enforcement Why the Concern About Law Enforcement? Trust in Policing / Police Legitimacy How to Weed Out or Prevent Extremists in the Ranks Current Efforts Changing Hiring Practices Early Intervention Systems Use of Brady/Giglio Lists Decertification / License Revocation Conclusion References 3. Perspectives Police Extremism: A Threat to American Democracy - Michael Wiatroski Challenges of Law Enforcement Leadership - Tom Nestel Extremism in Law Enforcement: Programmatic and Civil Society Responses - Brad Galloway Combating Police Extremism: An International Perspective - Mikkel Dack Extremism in Policing - Thor Dahl Police Extremism and the Erosion of Trust - Chloe Robinson 4. Profiles Organizations Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Ku Klux Klan Oath Keepers Proud Boys Southern Poverty Law Center Stormfront Three Percenters Individuals Elmer Stewart Rhodes (1964- ) Louis Beam (1946- ) Richard Mack (1952- ) Movements Christian Identity Movement Militia Movement Racist Skinheads QAnon References 5. Data and Documents Government Documents Non-government Documents Key Court Decisions McAuliffe v. City of New Bedford, 155 Mass. 216 (1892) Pickering v.
Board of Education, 391 U.S. 563 (1968) Connick v. Myers, 461 U.S. 138 (1983) Garcetti v. Ceballos, 547 U.S.
410 (2006) Heffernan v. City of Paterson, 578 U.S. ___ (2016) 6. Resources Scholarly Articles Reports Books Movies New Articles Podcasts Websites 7. Chronology Glossary About the Authors.