Series Foreword Acknowledgments Preface Introduction Chapter 1: Geography Overview Benue River Climate Desertification Fauna Flora Jos Plateau Major Cities Natural Resources Niger Delta Niger River Population Rainforest Savannah Transportation and Waterways Urbanization and Its Impact Chapter 2: History Overview Timeline Agitation for Independence Awolowo, Obafemi Azikiwe, Nnamdi Balewa, Abubakar Tafawa Benin Empire Colonial Nigeria European Explorers and Christianity Ife Kingdom Islam and Trade Kingdom of Zaria Macaulay, Herbert Nigerian Civil War Nri Civilization Oyo Empire Sokoto Caliphate Chapter 3: Government and Politics Overview Administrative Division and Structure All Progressives Congress Buhari, Muhammadu Constitutional Development Correctional Institutions Corruption Criminal Law Democratic Rule Early Political Parties Human Rights Independent National Electoral Commission Jonathan, Goodluck Law Enforcement Legislature Military Rule People''s Democratic Party Political Parties and Their Formations State and Local Governments Supreme Court Chapter 4: Economy Overview Agriculture Sector Domestic and International Trade Exports Financial Institutions Foreign Investment Forex and Currency Exchange Imports International Trade Policy Manufacturing Sector Mining Sector Nigerian Stock Exchange Oil and Gas Sector Poverty Private Sector Reserves and Foreign Debt Trade Partners Trade Unions and the Labor Movement Chapter 5: Religion and Thought Overview Adeboye, Enoch Aladura Church Catholicism Celestial Church of Christ Christ Apostolic Church Inter-Religious Conflicts Islamic Movement Oyedepo, David Pentecostalism Reformed Ogboni Fraternity Synagogue Church of All Nations Traditional Religions Chapter 6: Social Classes and Ethnicity Overview Hausa/Fulani Ibibio People Igbo Ijaw People Kanuri People Middle Class Minority Ethnic Groups Nupe People Rural Population Tiy People Urban Poor Yoruba Chapter 7: Gender, Marriage, and Sexuality Overview Court Marriages Domestic Violence Dowry and Bride-Wealth Family Planning Law Family Roles Gay and Lesbian Individuals Gender Relations Human Trafficking Kinship and In-Laws Marriage Law Sex Trade Traditional Weddings Western Weddings Chapter 8: Education Overview Indigenous Education System Islamic Education National Entrance Examinations Nomadic Schools Pre-Tertiary Education Private Universities Public Universities Tertiary Education West African Examination Council Chapter 9: Language Overview English Language Foreign Languages Hausa Language Igbo Language Local Dialects Pidgin English Yoruba Language Chapter 10: Etiquette Overview Business Entertainment Courtesy and Respect Entertainment and Gift-Giving Food and Table Manners Greetings Housewarming Naming Ceremonies Chapter 11: Literature and Drama Overview Achebe, Chinua Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi Atta, Sefi Clark, John Pepper Fiction and Nonfiction Literary Works Hafsat, Abdulwaheed Ahmed Indigenous Drama Ogunde, Hubert Okri, Ben Saro-Wiwa, Ken Soyinka, Wole Tales by Moonlight Tutuola, Amos Traditional Performances Chapter 12: Art and Architecture Overview Bead Art Benin Artwork Brazilian Architecture Bronze Casting Embroidery Ife Artwork Igbo Artwork Indigenous Architecture Iron Smelting Onobrakpeya, Bruce Painting Palace Decoration Sculpture Terracotta Textiles Wood Carving Chapter 13: Music and Dance Overview Ade, King Sunny Afrobeat Contemporary Nigerian Dance Folk Songs Fuji Music Gospel Music Hip Hop Music Kuti, Fela Nigerian Music Producers Regional Music Traditional Dance Traditional Musical Instruments Uwaifo, Victor Chapter 14: Food Overview Alcoholic Beverages Eastern Cuisine Holiday Feasts Local Drinks Middle Belt Cuisine Northern Cuisine Palm Wine Snacks Southern Cuisine Southwestern Cuisine Chapter 15: Leisure and Sports Overview Athletics Basketball Boxing Cinemas Dating Domestic Travel Football (Soccer) Horse Riding Shopping Table Tennis Weightlifting Wrestling Chapter 16: Media and Popular Culture Overview Digital Social Media Magazines Media, Privately Owned Movie Industry Music Industry National Broadcasting Commission National Film and Video Censors Board Newspapers Piracy Radio Broadcasting, Publicly Owned Television Broadcasting, Publicly Owned Appendix A: Day in the Life A Day in the Life of a Farmer A Day in the Life of a Housewife A Day in the Life of a Student A Day in the Life of a Businessman Appendix B: Glossary of Key Terms Appendix C: Facts and Figures Appendix D: Holidays Selected Bibliography Index.