List of Contributors ix Foreword xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii Part I Introduction to Ethnobotany and Phytochemistry 1 1 Ethnobotany 3 B. M. Schmidt Key Terms and Concepts 3 Ethnobotany throughout History 4 References and Additional Reading 18 Current Topics in Ethnobotany 18 References 22 Taxonomy: Plant Families 23 References and Additional Reading 90 Plant Anatomy and Architecture: The Highlights 93 References and Additional Reading 105 Keys for Plant Identification 106 Herbaria, Plant Collection, and Voucher Specimens 107 References and Additional Reading 109 2 Phytochemistry 111 D. M. Klaser Cheng Primary and Secondary Metabolites 111 References and Additional Reading 126 Databases 126 References 127 Extraction and Chromatographic Techniques 127 References 133 Evaluation of Biological Activities 134 References 139 Part II Case Studies 141 3 Introduction 143 4 Africa 145 M.H. Grace, P.J.
Smith, I. Raskin, M.A. Lila, B.M. Schmidt, and P. Chu Introduction 145 Northern Africa 149 Southern Africa 151 The African Diaspora 156 References and Additional Reading 159 Achillea millefolium: ReÃ]Exploring Herbal Remedies for Combating Malaria 160 References 164 Vanilla: Madagascar''s Orchid Economy 166 References 170 Traditional Treatments for HIV in South Africa 171 References 176 Duckweed as a More Sustainable FirstÃ]Generation Bioethanol Feedstock 178 References 181 5 The Americas 183 J. Kellogg, B.
M. Schmidt, B.L. Graf, C.J. Jimenez, H.A. Cumplido, C.
CalfÃo, L.E. Rojo, K. CubillosÃ]Roble, A. TroncosoÃ]Fonseca, and J. DelatorreÃ]Herrera Introduction 184 North America 185 Central America and the Caribbean 189 South America 194 References and Additional Reading 198 Phlorotannins in Seaweed 199 References 202 Agave: More Than Just Tequila 203 References 208 Quinoa: A Source of Human Sustenance and Endurance in the High Andes 209 References 213 Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis): An Ancient Mapuche Medicine with Antidiabetic Potentialâ215 References 220 Betalains from Chenopodium quinoa: Andean Natural Dyes with Industrial Uses beyond Food and Medicine 222 References 226 6 Asia 227 P. Li, W. Gu, C.
Long, B.M. Schmidt, S.S. Ningthoujam, D.S. Ningombam, A.D.
Talukdar, M.D. Choudhury, K.S. Potsangbam, H. Singh, S. Khatoon and M. Isman Introduction 228 Central Asia 229 Western Asia 231 South Asia 233 Southeast Asia 237 East Asia 240 References and Additional Reading 243 Ethnobotany of Dai People''s Festival Cake in Southwest China 244 References 247 The Ethnobotany of Teeth Blackening in Southeast Asia 247 References 251 Artemisia Species and Human Health 252 References 257 Traditional Treatment of Jaundice in Manipur, Northeast India 258 Referencesâ265 Ethnobotany and Phytochemistry of Sacred Plant Species Betula utilis (bhojpatra) and Quercus oblongata (banj) from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India 267 References 270 NeemÃ]Based Insecticides 272 References 275 7 Europe 277 T.
B. Tumer, B.M. Schmidt, and M. Isman Introduction 278 References and Additional Reading 285 Differential Use of Lavandula stoechas L. among Anatolian People against Metabolic Disorders 285 References 289 Mad Honey 291 References 294 Indigo: The Devil''s Dye and the American Revolution 295 References 302 Insecticides Based on Plant Essential Oils 303 References 306 8 Oceania 309 B.M. Schmidt Introduction 310 References and Additional Reading 317 Banana (Musa spp.
) as a Traditional Treatment for Diarrhea 317 References 322 Pharmacological Effects of Kavalactones from Kava (Piper methysticum) Root 323 References 328 Botanical Index 329 Subject Index 339.