Nietzsche's critical engagement with philosophical methodology has considerable potential to contribute to solving problems in the contemporary philosophy of mind and science. The chapters in this book explain the nature of Nietzsche's experimentalism and show how it allows us to clarify the relationship between philosophy and scientific method. The author demonstrates how Nietzsche can help us to respond in fresh ways to a selection of problems in contemporary philosophy of science, including the realism-antirealism debate, and the status of thought experiments. In so doing, Nietzsche's approach to the philosophy of science gets more accessible to scholars of the history and philosophy of science unfamiliar with his work. Furthermore, Nietzsche's experimentalism is applied to a key question in philosophy of mind, in order to show its contemporary relevance.