Series Introduction; Jacob van Sluis and Daniel Whistler; Hemsterhuis's Life, Works and Reception; Abbreviations; Introductions; Atheism according to François Hemsterhuis: Convergences with and Divergences from the German Spinoza Controversy, Claudia Melica; Hemsterhuis and Newtonian Philosophy, Henri A. Krop; The Ubiquity of Vases in Hemsterhuis's Sketches and Drawings: Making Art in Philosophy, Doing Philosophy in Art, Peter Sonderen; Hemsterhuis as a European and trans-Atlantic Political Theorist, Jonathan I. Israel; Part One: Spinozism, Atheism and Religion; Letter on Fatalism; On Prayer; Letters on the History of Philosophy to Spinoza (Hemsterhuis and Gallitzin); On Two Kinds of Theology; Letters on Knowing, Believing and Doubting (Hemsterhuis and Gallitzin); Prelude to the Letter on Atheism; Letter on Atheism from Diocles to Diotima; Further Reflections on Spinoza and the Spinozism Controversy; Supplement to the Letter on Fatalism; Part Two: Epistemology and the Sciences; On the Reality of Appearances; On the Relations of Matter and Soul; Fragment on Physics; On Divisibility to Infinity; On the Incommensurable; On Loss of Imagination; An Analogy between the Formation of the Body and the Formation of the Soul; Letter on the Rotation of the Planets; On Final Causes; Prelude to the Letter on Optics; Letter on Optics; Part Three: Art and Style; Letters on Geometric Style (Hemsterhuis and Gallitzin); On Geometric Education and Aesthetic Judgment; Letters on Hesiod and the Golden Age; On the Best Shape to Give to the Feet of Vases; Further Reflections on the Best Shape to Give to the Feet of Vases; On Plato's Style in the Phaedrus and the Symposium (and Racine's Phaedra); Letters on Diderot's Style; Catechism for a Young Painter; On the Artworks of Central Germany; Letters on Plato and the Sublime (Hemsterhuis and Gallitzin); On Architecture and Other Arts; On Reading Goethe's Werther; Part Four: Ethics and Politics; Letter on Virtues and Vices; On Fürstenberg's Character; On the Moral Organ; On Current Events in the Dutch Republic; Reflections on the Republic of the United Provinces; Preliminary Observations on the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces; On the Political Situation of the Dutch Republic; Alexis II, or on the Military; Sketch of Advice to the Council of State; On Patriotism; Letters on the French Revolution; Appendix; On the Genesis of Alexis II: The Metaphysics of the Military, Jacob van Sluis.