Acknowledgements 1 ELT: Taking stock of a world commodity The aims of this book English for all? Professional and ethical aspects of ELT 'aid' Notes 2 English, the dominant language English in core English-speaking countries English in periphery-English countries Language promotion Opposition to the dominance of English Notes 3 Linguistic imperialism: theoretical foundations A cautionary word on terminology A working definition of English linguistic imperialism Linguistic imperialism and linguicism Cultural imperialism in science, the media, and education The State, hegemony, and ELT Notes 4 Earlier work relevant to linguistic imperialism Language spread The sociology of language Language planning Theoretical models of language teaching and learning Linguistic human rights Two approaches, Wardhaugh and Calvet Notes 5 The colonial linguistic inheritance Their masters' language Colonial educational language policy and practice The importance of English as a colonial inheritance Notes 6 British and American promotion of English The origins and structure of the British Council The British strategy for expanding ELT American promotion of English Anglo-American collaboration Notes 7 Creating a profession: the structure and tenets of ELT Creating a British academic base for ELT ELT and educational language planning for under-developed countries Tenet one: English is best taught monolingually Tenet two: the ideal teacher of English is a native speaker Tenet three: the earlier English is taught, the better the results Tenet four: the more English is taught, the better the results Tenet five: if other languages are used much, standards of English will drop Conclusions: the legacy of Makerere Notes 8 English language teaching in action ELT research ELT in 'aid' to education - The overall context of ELT 'aid' - EFL, ESL or . ? - Principles for the analysis of ELT in 'aid' - Postulate 1: political disconnection - Postulate 2: narrowly technical training - English for special and new purposes Notes 9 Arguments in linguistic imperialist discourse Types of argument and types of power English-intrinsic arguments English-extrinsic arguments English-functional arguments The means used to exert linguistic power Arguments in language planning for Namibia Notes 10 Linguistic imperialism and ELT ELT: master-minded? On the force of the evidence Studying ELT and imperialism Notes Bibliography Index.