Brief Contents Preface About the Authors PART I Starting Out Chapter 1 Ensuring Success in Writing Chapter 2 Generating Ideas through Prewriting Chapter 3 Composing: Creating a Draft Chapter 4 Refining and Polishing Your Draft PART 2 Using the Patterns of Paragraph Development Chapter 5 Narration Chapter 6 Description Chapter 7 Example Chapter 8 Process Chapter 9 Definition Chapter 10 Comparison and Contrast Chapter 11 Cause and Effect Chapter 12 Division and Classification Chapter 13 Argument PART 3 Moving On to the Essay Chapter 14 Developing an Essay Chapter 15 Examining Types of Essays Chapter 16 Adjusting Your Process: Timed Writing and Summaries PART 4 Developing Sentence Sense Chapter 17 The Sentence Chapter 18 Fragments Chapter 19 Subordination and Coordination Chapter 20 Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences PART 5 Understanding Subjects and Verbs Chapter 21 Subject Verb Agreement Chapter 22 Basic Tenses for Regular Verbs Chapter 23 Irregular Verbs and Frequently Confused Verbs Chapter 24 Passive Voice, Additional Tenses, and Maintaining Consistency in Tense PART 6 Keeping Your Writing Correct Chapter 25 Nouns: Working Effectively with Words That Name Chapter 26 Pronouns: Understanding Case, Clear Pronoun Antecedent Agreement, and Nonsexist Pronoun Usage Chapter 27 Adjectives, Adverbs, and Other Modifiers: Using Describing and Modifying Words Effectively Chapter 28 Parallelism: Presenting Related Items in a Similar Form Chapter 29 Spelling: Focusing on Correctness Chapter 30 Commas Chapter 31 Other Punctuation and Capitalization PART 7 Connecting: Responding to Reading Appendix Tips for ESL Writers Rhetorical Index Credits Index Detailed Contents Preface About the Authors PART I Starting Out Chapter 1 Ensuring Success in Writing Overview: Understanding the Importance of Good Writing Skills Recognizing the Stages of the Writing Process Understanding the Dynamics of Writing Focusing on the Reader Examining the Purpose behind Your Writing Understanding the Important Relationship between Writing and Reading Recap Ensuring Success in Writing Chapter 2 Generating Ideas through Prewriting Overview: Seeing Prewriting as a Way to Explore Ideas Understanding Prewriting Freewriting Brainstorming Clustering Branching Idea Mapping Maintaining a Journal Recap Generating Ideas through Prewriting Chapter 3 Composing: Creating a Draft Overview: Understanding Composing Recognizing the Structure of a Paragraph Identifying an Effective Topic Writing a Clear, Specific Topic Sentence Providing the Best Support for the Topic Sentence Deciding on the Most Effective Arrangement Making Your Material Reader Centered Using a Reader Evaluation Checklist Developing a Complete Draft Recap Composing: Creating a Draft Chapter 4 Refining and Polishing Your Draft Overview: Understanding the Revising Stage Reassessing: Re-seeing Your Work Maintaining Unity Providing Coherence Transition Organizing Sentences Effectively Choosing Effective Language Keeping Your Writing Specific Keeping Your Writing Concise Getting Feedback from an Objective Reader Redrafting Acknowledging Your Sources MLA Format APA Format Editing Developing a Personal Proofreading System Using Computer Tools to Your Advantage Examining a Revised Draft Recap Refining and Polishing Your Draft Portfolio 1 PART 2 Using the Patterns of Paragraph Development Chapter 5 Narration Overview: Understanding the Modes, Purposes, and Importance of Telling Your Story Writing a Clear Topic Sentence That Establishes a Context Relying on Chronological Order Choosing the Most Effective Point of View Providing a Thorough Presentation Providing Transition for Narrative Paragraphs Recap Narration Chapter 6 Description Overview: Creating a Picture in Words Previewing the Focus of Description through the Topic Sentence Using Sensory Details Relying on Objective and Subjective Description Using Spatial Order Providing Transition for Description Paragraphs Recap Description Chapter 7 Example Overview: Illustrating Your Point Providing a Topic Sentence That States the Point You Will Illustrate Providing Specific Examples Ensuring That Your Examples Are Relevant Providing an Effective Presentation Providing Transition for Example Paragraphs Recap Example Chapter 8 Process Overview: Explaining How It Happens or How to Do It Including a Topic Sentence That Clearly States the Process Using the Imperative Mood: You Dividing the Process into Simple, Logical Steps Relying on Linear Order Providing Transition for Process Paragraphs Recap Process Chapter 9 Definition Overview: Making Meaning Crystal Clear Providing a Topic Sentence That Highlights the Term to Be Defined Understanding the Pattern of an Effective Definition Recognizing the Full Effect of the Term Defined Enhancing Definition through Synonyms, Negation, and Etymology Providing Transition for Definition Paragraphs Recap Definition Chapter 10 Comparison and Contrast Overview: Expressing Similarities and Differences Providing a Topic Sentence That Specifies Both Subjects and Indicates the Focus Establishing Your Basis for Comparison Providing a Thorough and Specific Presentation Arranging Your Ideas Effectively Providing Transition for Comparison and Contrast Paragraphs Recap Comparison and Contrast Chapter 11 Cause and Effect Overview: Explaining Reasons and Consequences Providing a Topic Sentence That Focuses on Cause and Effect Distinguishing between Direct and Related Causes and Effects Avoiding Oversimplification of Causes and Effects Providing an Effective Arrangement Providing Transition for Cause and Effect Paragraphs Recap Cause and Effect Chapter 12 Division and Classification Overview: Analyzing the Whole in Terms of the Parts Specifying Scope and Emphasis through a Topic Sentence Establishing a Logical Method of Analysis Maintaining a Consistent Presentation Using Distinct and Complete Groupings Providing Transition for Division and Classification Paragraphs Recap Division and Classification Chapter 13 Argument Overview: Understanding Persuasion Providing a Topic Sentence That Expresses a Clear Stance on the Issue Developing Sufficient Support through Sound Reasons Using a Reasonable, Convincing Tone Using Sound Logic Arranging Your Support in Emphatic Order Providing Transition for Argument Paragraphs Recap Argument Portfolio 2 PART 3 Moving On to the Essay Chapter 14 Developing an Essay Overview: Understanding the Essay Understanding the Structure of an Essay The Introduction The Body The Conclusion Examining an Effective Essay Examining the Process of Writing an Essay Prewriting: Generating Ideas and Identifying a Manageable Focus Developing an Effective Thesis Composing Creating an Effective Introduction and Conclusion Introduction, Conclusion, Understanding the Relationship between Topic Sentences and the Thesis, Developing a Solid First Draft Revising Re-assessing, Revising for Unity, Revising for Coherence, Revising for Effective Language, Seeking Help from an Objective Reader, Redrafting, Editing: Eliminating Errors Looking Again at the Final Draft Recap Developing an Essay Chapter 15 Examining Types of Essays Overview: Understanding How to Use the Modes to Develop Essays The Relationship between Your Purpose and the Modes Using Narration to Develop an Essay Examining a Narrative Essay Using Description to Develop an Essay Examining a Descriptive Essay Using Example to Develop an Essay Examining an Example Essay Using Process to Develop an Essay Examining a Process Essay Using Definition to Develop an Essay Examining a Definition Essay Using Comparison and Contrast to Develop an Essay Examining a Comparison and Contrast Essay Using Cause and Effect to Develop an Essay Examining a Cause and Effect Essay Using Division and Classification to Develop an Essay Examining a Division and Classification Essay Writing an Argument Essay Examining an Argument Essay Recap Examining Types of.