Preface xi Abbreviations xv Chapter 1 Why Should We Garden with Indigenous Plants? 1 Chapter 2 Wildlife in Field, Forest, and Garden 15 Hosting Butterflies and Moths 16 Feeding Bees 22 Attracting Pollinators 25 Bringing Up Birds 30 Links between Aquatic and Terrestrial Food Webs 37 Maintaining Wildlife in Your Garden 39 Uninvited Guests 42 The Wild Flora Sanctuary 46 Chapter 3 "Safe Sex" in the Garden 51 Understanding Scientific Names 52 Plant Reproduction 53 Science for Educated Plant Consumers 63 Principles of "Safe Sex" in the Garden 69 Chapter 4 Replacing Common Invasive Plants with Keystone Plants 81 Trees 82 Shrubs 97 Vines 112 Ground Covers 118 Perennials and Grasses 122 Invasive, Nonindigenous Plants You Will Not Find in a Nursery 126 Chapter 5 American Horticulture and Indigenous Plants: A Brief History 129 Americans Abroad 129 Americans at Home 132 "Paradise" Lost 139 Chapter 6 Ecological Landscape Design with Keystone Plants 145 Basic Design Principles 146 Foundation Gardens 153 Trees in the Landscape 156 Perennial Borders 158 Screening and Hedges 161 The New (Reduced) Lawn 162 Habitat Elements 167 The Suburban Home 168 The Townhouse 175 The Subdivision 182 The Corporate Campus 182 Chapter 7 Design Ideas Drawn from Indigenous Plant Communities 195 Habitats or Plant Communities 196 Forest Fragments and Woodland Edge 197 Successional Plant Communities 200 Freshwater Streams, Ponds, and Other Wetlands 224 The Seashore 233 Afterword 239 Appendix A: Keystone Plants 241 Appendix B: Circumboreal Plants 249 Appendix C: Perennials for Season-long Bloom 251 Appendix D: Berries for Birds 253 Appendix E: Dioecious Plants 255 Appendix F: Indigenous Annuals and Biennials 257 Appendix G: Indigenous Heirlooms 261 Appendix H: Street Trees 265 Appendix I: Indigenous Plants Suited for Formal Gardens 267 Appendix J: Indigenous Plants Suited for Asian Designs 269 Appendix K: Fragrant and Aromatic Plants 273 Acknowledgments 277 Bibliography 279 Index 289.