ContentsList of Figures Acknowledgments Section I: Introduction 1. Wilderness Emergency Medical Care First Response and Responsibility A Brief History of Wilderness Medicine Wilderness Medicine vs. Urban Medicine Training 2. Legal Issues in Wilderness Medicine Civil Law and the WFR Negligence Legal Considerations Legal Protection Section II: Patient Assessment and Initial Concerns 3. Patient Assessment Stop! Size up the Scene Stop! Assess the Patient for Immediate Threats to Life Stop! Complete a Focused Exam and Patient History Stop! Make a Problem List and a Plan Stop! Monitor the Patient''s Condition 4. Airway and Breathing Basic Anatomy of the Airway Assessing the Airway Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction: Conscious Adult Rescue Breathing Recovery Position Evacuation Guidelines 5. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Basic Anatomy of the Heart Cardiac Arrest and CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Adult One-Rescuer CPR Complications Caused by CPR Criteria for Stopping CPR Special Considerations for the Wilderness Specific Wilderness Situations Evacuation Guidelines 6. Bleeding Types of Bleeding Body Response to Bleeding Control of External Bleeding Internal Bleeding Evacuation Guidelines 7.

Shock Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System Shock Types and Causes of Shock Stages of Shock Risk Factors Management of Shock Evacuation GuidelinesSection III: Traumatic Injuries 8. Spine Injuries Basic Anatomy of the Spine Mechanisms of Injury Types of Spinal Cord Injuries General Assessment of the Spine Treatment for Suspected Spinal Injury Lifting and Moving a Patient Special Considerations for the Wilderness The Focused Spine Assessment Evacuation Guidelines 9. Head Injuries Basic Anatomy of the Head Types of Head Injuries Levels of Head Injury Treatment for Serious Head Injury Evacuation Guidelines 10. Chest Injuries Basic Anatomy of the Chest and Normal Breathing Types of Chest Injuries General Treatment Guidelines Evacuation Guidelines 11. Abdominal Injuries Basic Anatomy of the Abdomen General Abdominal Trauma Assessment Blunt Trauma Assessment and Treatment Penetrating Trauma Assessment and Treatment Evacuation Guidelines 12. Athletic Injuries General Assessment of Athletic Injuries General Treatment of Athletic Injuries Specific Treatment for General Types of Athletic Injuries Specific Treatment for Specific Athletic Injuries Prevention of Athletic Injuries Evacuation Guidelines 13. Fractures Basic Anatomy of the Musculoskeletal System Types of Fractures General Assessment of a Fracture General Principles of Fracture Treatment Specific Treatment for Upper Body Fractures Specific Treatment for Lower Body Fractures Complicated Fractures Evacuation Guidelines 14. Dislocations General Assessment and Treatment of Dislocations Specific Treatment for Upper Body Dislocations Specific Treatment for Lower Body Dislocations Long-Term Care for Dislocations Evacuation Guidelines 15.

Wilderness Wound Management Basic Anatomy of the Skin Types of Wounds General Wound Management Management of Specific Wounds Evacuation Guidelines for Wounds Wilderness Burn Management Evacuation Guidelines for Burns General Wound Infection Management Evacuation Guidelines for Infected Wounds Section IV: Environmental Emergencies 16. Cold-Induced Emergencies Heat Production Heat Loss Hypothermia Frostbite Nonfreezing Cold Injury Evacuation Guidelines 17. Heat-Induced Emergencies Dehydration Heat Cramps Heat Exhaustion Heatstroke Hyponatremia Prevention of Heat-Induced Emergencies Evacuation Guidelines 18. Altitude Illnesses Acclimatization Acute Mountain Sickness High-Altitude Cerebral Edema High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema Prevention of Altitude Illnesses Evacuation Guidelines 19. Immersion and Submersion Incidents Immersion Drowning Near-Drowning Prevention Evacuation Guidelines 20. Lightning Injuries Mechanisms of Injury Types of Injuries Management of the Patient Prevention of Lightning Injuries Evacuation Guidelines 21. North American Bites and Stings Reptiles Spiders Scorpions Zoonoses Hymenoptera Centipedes Bears Dangerous Marine Life Evacuation Guidelines 22. Diving Emergencies Physical Principles of Diving Types of Barotrauma Other Diving Disorders Prevention of Diving Emergencies Evacuation Guidelines Section V: Medical Emergencies 23.

Cardiac Emergencies Types of Cardiac Emergencies General Treatment for Cardiac Emergencies Evacuation Guidelines 24. Respiratory Emergencies Types of Respiratory Emergencies Evacuation Guidelines 25. Neurological Emergencies Basic Anatomy of the Brain Unconscious States Types of Neurological Emergencies Evacuation Guidelines 26. Diabetic Emergencies Normal Physiology Diabetic Physiology Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia Diabetics in the Wilderness Prevention of Diabetic Emergencies Evacuation Guidelines 27. Poisoning Emergencies Ingested Poisons Treatment for Ingested Poisons Inhaled Poisons Treatment for Inhaled Poisons Absorbed Poisons Injected Poisons General Treatment Guidelines for Poisonings Evacuation Guidelines 28. Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis Allergic Reactions Anaphylaxis Evacuation Guidelines 29. Abdominal Illnesses General Abdominal Illness Assessment Some Types of Abdominal Illnesses General Treatment for Abdominal Illnesses Evacuation Guidelines 30. Communicable Diseases and Camp Hygiene Agents of Infection Communication of Disease Some Specific Communicable Diseases Camp Hygiene Principles of Camp Hygiene Section VI: Special Emergencies 31.

Common Wilderness Medical Problems Headaches Eye Injuries Ear Injuries Nose Injuries Skin Damage Gastrointestinal Problems Flulike Illnesses Solar Radiation Problems Motion Sickness Dental Problems Other Mouth Problems 32. Urinary and Reproductive Emergencies General Assessment Guidelines for Urinary and Reproductive Emergencies Basic Anatomy of Biological Male Genitalia Specific Emergencies for Persons with a Penis Basic Anatomy of Biological Female Genitalia Specific Emergencies for Persons with a Vagina 33. Obstetrical Emergencies Basic Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy Obstetrical Emergencies Normal Childbirth Complications of Delivery Evacuation Guidelines 34. Psychological and Behavioral Emergencies Normal Responses to Crisis Critical-Incident Stress Basic Psychological Impairment Evacuation Guidelines Section VII: Special Concerns 35. Emergency Procedures for Outdoor Groups Trip Plans Evacuation Organization Managing a Lost Person Incident Summary 36. Wilderness Transportation of the Sick or Injured Walk-Out/Ski-Out One-Rescuer Carries Two-Rescuer Carries Litters Horse Transports Vehicle Transports Summary 37. Wilderness Medical Kits General Guidelines for Wilderness Medical Kits Specific Considerations for Wilderness Medical Kits Final Thoughts on Kits Appendixes A. Oxygen and Mechanical Aids to Breathing Oxygen and Respiration Supplemental Oxygen Safety The Tank The Regulator Oxygen Therapy Airway Maintenance Passive Delivery Positive Pressure Delivery Suction B.

Automated External Defibrillation The AED Operational Procedures C. Basic Life Support for Healthcare Providers Adult Two-Rescuer CPR Child and Infant CPR Foreign-Body Airway Obstructions Rescue Breathing for Children and Infants Glossary Bibliography Index About the Author.