INSET INDEX xiii PREFACE xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix INTRODUCTION: HOW TO USE THIS BOOK xxi CHAPTER 1: ABOUT THE CODES 1 A Brief History 2 Code Publications 3 Federal Regulations 21 Standards Organizations 24 State and Local Codes 33 Research and Documentation 34 CHAPTER 2: ACCESSIBILITY 36 Comparing the Codes 37 Accessibility Guidelines 38 Level of Accessibility 47 Enforcement and Responsibility 52 Research and Documentation 54 CHAPTER 3: OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS AND LOADS 55 Understanding Occupancy Classifications 56 Comparing the Codes 58 Description of Occupancies 60 New versus Existing Occupancies 80 More Than One Occupancy Type 82 Accessibility Requirements 90 Determining Occupant Loads 94 Using the Occupant Load 106 Research and Documentation 106 CHAPTER 4: CONSTRUCTION TYPES AND BUILDING SIZES 108 Understanding Construction Types 108 Comparing the Codes 112 Combustible versus Noncombustible 113 Determining Construction Types 115 Sustainability Considerations 122 Understanding Building Height and Area 124 Height and Area Limitations 125 CHAPTER 5: MEANS OF EGRESS 133 Comparing the Codes 134 Means of Egress Components 136 Exit Accesses 141 Exits 160 Areas of Refuge 168 Exit Discharges 170 Means of Egress Capacity 172 Arrangement of Exits 186 Signage 196 Emergency Lighting and Communication 200 Research and Documentation 201 CHAPTER 6: FIRE AND SMOKE RESISTANT ASSEMBLIES 203 Comparing the Codes 205 Compartmentation in a Building 207 Fire Walls 208 Fire Barriers, Horizontal Assemblies, and Fire Partitions 210 Smoke Barriers and Smoke Partitions 226 Sound Attenuation Partitions 230 Opening Protectives 232 Through-Penetration Protectives 244 Test Ratings 249 Using Rated Materials and Assemblies 252 Sustainability Considerations 255 Research and Documentation 256 CHAPTER 7: FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS 257 Comparing the Codes 258 Detection Systems 261 Alarm Systems 265 Extinguishing Systems 270 Sustainability Considerations 285 Research and Documentation 285 CHAPTER 8: PLUMBING AND MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS 287 Comparing Plumbing Codes 288 Number of Plumbing Fixtures 289 Plumbing Fixture Requirements 298 Toilet and Bathing Facilities 309 Plumbing Sustainability Considerations 323 Comparing Mechanical Codes 326 Mechanical Requirements 328 Mechanical Sustainability Considerations 335 Research and Documentation 336 CHAPTER 9: ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS 338 Comparing Electrical Codes 339 Electrical Components and Devices 342 Grounding and Circuit Interrupters 355 Light Fixtures 359 Required Electrical Systems 363 Electrical Sustainability Considerations 366 Comparing Communication Codes 371 Communication Components and Devices 372 Types of Communication Systems 379 Communication Sustainability Considerations 386 Research and Documentation 387 CHAPTER 10: FINISH AND FURNITURE SELECTION 389 Types of Finishes and Furnishings 390 Comparing the Codes 392 Standards and Testing 394 Determining Finish Classifications 419 Obtaining Test Results 424 Accessibility Requirements 430 Other Code Restrictions 436 Sustainability Considerations 439 Research and Documentation 446 CHAPTER 11: CODE OFFICIALS AND THE CODE PROCESS 447 Authority Having Jurisdiction 447 Code Review and Enforcement 451 The Code Process 454 Documentation and Liability 466 Present and Future 475 APPENDIX A: SUSTAINABILITY 477 Green Rating Systems 479 Sustainable Standards and Certification Programs 484 Life Cycle Assessment 487 Environmental Product Declarations 489 Additional Tools 490 APPENDIX B: EXISTING AND HISTORIC BUILDINGS 493 Existing Buildings 495 Historic Buildings 499 Sustainability Considerations 501 APPENDIX C: FAMILY RESIDENCES 503 Construction Types and Building Size 504 Means of Egress 504 Fire and Smoke Resistance 506 Fire Protection 506 Plumbing 508 Mechanical 508 Electrical and Communication 509 Finishes and Furniture 511 Accessibility Considerations 512 Sustainability Considerations 512 GLOSSARY 515 INDEX 539.