Dedication Table of Contents Case Study Location Map Acknowledgments Foreword by Terri Meyer Boake Introduction 1 A BIOCLIMATIC VIEW OF ARCHITECTURE Climate and nature Climate and culture Bioclimatic design Sustainable and regenerative design Framework for analysis 2 DOUBLE-SKIN FAÇADE CONCEPTS AND STRATEGIES An integrative strategy A bioclimatic kit of parts Bioclimatic design concepts and strategies 3 DOUBLE-SKIN FAÇADE CLASSIFICATIONS Cavity partitioning Ventilation type and mode Structural classification Alternative nomenclatures 4 DOUBLE-SKIN FAÇADE HISTORY, PART I: ORIGINS Buffer zones in vernacular architecture Mid-19th Century: Glass for light and heat 20th Century: Glass for health, thermal comfort, and (sometimes) ventilation Mid-20th century: Ventilation and acoustics in early DSF architecture 1970s: Energy focus feeds DSF development 1980s: Experimentation 5 DOUBLE-SKIN FAÇADE HISTORY, PART II: ADAPTATIONS 1990s: Proliferation in Europe 21st century: Global expansion Supertall 6 DOUBLE-SKIN FAÇADES: MOTIVATIONS AND ALTERNATIVES Motivations Benefits, cautions, and costs Alternatives 7 DOUBLE-SKIN FAÇADE PERFORMANCE IN PRACTICE Façade performance Façade design process 1 Predesign: Concepts and criteria 2 Schematic design: Models and iteration 3 Design development: Simulation of performance 4 Construction documentation: Collaboration with fabricators 5 Bidding / final buyout: Final fabrication drawings 6 Construction and closeout: Mockups, installation, and quality assurance 7 Post-occupancy: Evaluation and feedback loops 8 DOUBLE-SKIN FAÇADE CASE STUDIES 8.1 Marseille Library BMVR de Marseille (Marseille, France, 1997-2004) 8.2 Grenoble Courthouse Palais de Justice de Grenoble (Grenoble, France, 1994-2002) 8.3 Cambridge Public Library (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 2002-09) 8.4 Manitoba Hydro Place (Winnipeg, Canada, 2004-09) 8.5 Pearl River Tower (Guangzhou, China, 2005-13) Resources Index Climate Classifications Map.