Foreword xxxv Introduction xxxvii Assessment Test lvi Chapter 1 Overview of Wireless Standards, Organizations, and Fundamentals 1 History of Wireless Local Area Networks 3 Standards Organizations 5 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 8 Core, Distribution, and Access 22 Communications Fundamentals 24 Summary 33 Exam Essentials 33 Review Questions 34 Chapter 2 IEEE 802.11 Standard and Amendments 39 Original IEEE 802.11 Standard 42 IEEE 802.11-2020 Ratified Amendments 44 IEEE 802.11 Draft Amendments 63 Defunct Amendments 66 IEEE Task Group m 68 Summary 69 Exam Essentials 69 Review Questions 70 Chapter 3 Radio Frequency Fundamentals 75 What Is a Radio Frequency Signal? 77 Radio Frequency Characteristics 78 Radio Frequency Behaviors 87 Summary 103 Exam Essentials 103 Review Questions 104 Chapter 4 Radio Frequency Components, Measurements, and Mathematics 109 Components of RF Communications 112 Units of Power and Comparison 115 RF Mathematics 123 Noise Floor 130 Signal-to-Noise Ratio 130 Received Signal Strength Indicator 131 Link Budget 135 Summary 140 Exam Essentials 142 Review Questions 143 Chapter 5 Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts 147 Azimuth and Elevation Charts (Antenna Radiation Envelopes) 150 Interpreting Polar Charts 152 Beamwidth 155 Antenna Types 157 Visual Line of Sight 169 RF Line of Sight 169 Fresnel Zone 170 Earth Bulge 174 Antenna Polarization 175 Antenna Diversity 176 Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output 177 Antenna Connection and Installation 179 Antenna Accessories 187 Regulatory Compliance 192 Summary 194 Exam Essentials 194 Review Questions 195 Chapter 6 Wireless Networks and Spread Spectrum Technologies 199 Throughput vs. Bandwidth 201 Narrowband and Spread Spectrum 202 Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum 205 Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum 208 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 211 Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Bands 218 5 GHz Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure Bands 220 60 GHz for Wi-Fi 223 Below 1 GHz 224 2.4 GHz Channels 224 5 GHz Channels 227 6 GHz Channels 232 Summary 239 Exam Essentials 239 Review Questions 240 Chapter 7 Wireless LAN Topologies 245 Wireless Networking Topologies 247 802.11 Stations 251 802.
11 Service Sets 255 802.11 Configuration Modes 267 Summary 269 Exam Essentials 269 Review Questions 271 Chapter 8 802.11 Medium Access 275 CSMA/CA vs. CSMA/CD 276 Collision Detection 277 Distributed Coordination Function 278 Hybrid Coordination Function 286 Wi-Fi Multimedia 288 Airtime Fairness 290 Summary 292 Exam Essentials 292 Review Questions 293 Chapter 9 802.11 MAC 297 Packets, Frames, and Bits 299 Data-Link Layer 300 Physical Layer 301 802.11 and 802.3 Interoperability 302 802.11 MAC Header 303 802.
11 Frame Body 315 802.11 Trailer 316 802.11 State Machine 317 Management Frames 318 Control Frames 333 Data Frames 341 Power Management 344 Summary 350 Exam Essentials 350 Review Questions 352 Chapter 10 MIMO Technology: HT and VHT 357 MIMO 360 Multi-User MIMO 371 Channels 376 Guard Interval 382 256-QAM Modulation 384 802.11n/ac PPDUs 388 802.11n/ac MAC 390 HT/VHT Protection Mechanisms 399 Wi-Fi Alliance Certification 400 Summary 403 Exam Essentials 403 Review Questions 405 Chapter 11 WLAN Architecture 409 WLAN Client Devices 411 Management, Control, and Data Planes 421 WLAN Architecture 423 Specialty WLAN Infrastructure 437 Cloud Networking 445 Application Programming Interface 448 Infrastructure Management 451 Summary 456 Exam Essentials 457 Review Questions 458 Chapter 12 Power over Ethernet (PoE) 463 History of PoE 464 PoE Devices 467 Planning and Deploying PoE 484 Summary 490 Exam Essentials 491 Review Questions 492 Chapter 13 WLAN Design Concepts 497 WLAN Coverage Design 499 Roaming Design 505 Channel Design 512 Capacity Design 534 Voice vs. Data 546 Dual 5 GHz and Software-Defined Radios 548 6 GHz WLAN Design 551 Physical Environment 557 Antennas 558 Outdoor Design 562 Summary 563 Exam Essentials 564 Review Questions 565 Chapter 14 Site Survey and Validation 569 WLAN Site Survey and Design Interview 572 Vertical Market Considerations 582 Legacy AP-on-a-Stick Survey 585 Hybrid Survey 595 Validation Survey 599 Site Survey Tools 604 Documents and Reports 609 Summary 614 Exam Essentials 615 Review Questions 616 Chapter 15 WLAN Troubleshooting 621 Five Tenets of WLAN Troubleshooting 623 Layer 1 Troubleshooting 629 Layer 2 Troubleshooting 636 Security Troubleshooting 648 Roaming Troubleshooting 661 Channel Utilization 665 Layers 3-7 Troubleshooting 667 WLAN Troubleshooting Tools 671 Summary 679 Exam Essentials 679 Review Questions 680 Chapter 16 Wireless Attacks, Intrusion Monitoring, and Policy 687 Wireless Attacks 688 Intrusion Monitoring 706 Wireless Security Policies 712 Summary 716 Exam Essentials 717 Review Questions 718 Chapter 17 802.11 Network Security Architecture 723 802.11 Security Basics 725 Legacy 802.
11 Security 729 Robust Security 736 Management Frame Protection 757 WPA 2 757 WPA 3 758 Enhanced Open 761 6 GHz Wi-Fi Security 762 Traffic Segmentation 763 VPN Wireless Security 766 Summary 770 Exam Essentials 770 Review Questions 772 Chapter 18 Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) and Guest Access 777 Mobile Device Management 780 Company-Issued Devices vs. Personal Devices 781 Self-Service Device Onboarding for Employees 795 Guest WLAN Access 798 Hotspot 2.0 and Passpoint 811 Network Access Control 816 Summary 824 Exam Essentials 825 Review Questions 826 Chapter 19 802.11ax: High Efficiency (HE) 831 802.11ax = Wi-Fi 6 833 Wi-Fi Traffic Congestion 834 HE Overview 836 Multi-User 837 OFDMA 838 MU-MIMO 851 BSS Color and Spatial Reuse 855 Target Wake Time 861 Additional 802.11ax PHY and MAC Capabilities 862 Wi-Fi 6 Key Questions 867 Wi-Fi CERTIFIED 6 873 Summary 874 Review Questions 875 Chapter 20 WLAN Deployment and Vertical Markets 879 Deployment Considerations for Commonly Supported WLAN Applications and Devices 881 Corporate Data Access and End-User Mobility 885 Network Extension to Remote Areas 886 Bridging: Building-to-Building Connectivity 887 Wireless ISP: Last-Mile Data Delivery 888 Small Office/Home Office 888 Temporary Office Networking 889 Branch Offices 890 Teleworker Wi-Fi 890 Educational/Classroom Use 891 Industrial: Warehousing and Manufacturing 892 Retail 892 Healthcare 894 Municipal Networks 895 Hotspots: Public Network Access 895 Stadium Networks 897 Transportation Networks 897 Law Enforcement Networks 898 First-Responder Networks 899 Managed Service Providers 900 Fixed Mobile Convergence 900 WLAN and Health 901 Internet of Things 901 WLAN Vendors 902 Summary 904 Exam Essentials 904 Review Questions 905 Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 909 Chapter 1: Overview of Wireless Standards, Organizations, and Fundamentals 910 Chapter 2: IEEE 802.11 Standard and Amendments 911 Chapter 3: Radio Frequency Fundamentals 914 Chapter 4: Radio Frequency Components, Measurements, and Mathematics 915 Chapter 5: Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts 918 Chapter 6: Wireless Networks and Spread Spectrum Technologies 919 Chapter 7: Wireless LAN Topologies 922 Chapter 8: 802.11 Medium Access 924 Chapter 9: 802.
11 Mac 926 Chapter 10: MIMO Technology: HT and VHT 929 Chapter 11: WLAN Architecture 932 Chapter 12: Power over Ethernet (PoE) 934 Chapter 13: WLAN Design Concepts 937 Chapter 14: Site Survey and Validation 940 Chapter 15: WLAN Troubleshooting 943 Chapter 16: Wireless Attacks, Intrusion Monitoring, and Policy 946 Chapter 17: 802.11 Network Security Architecture 948 Chapter 18: Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) and Guest Access 951 Chapter 19: 802.11ax: High Efficiency (HE) 954 Chapter 20: WLAN Deployment and Vertical Markets 957 Appendix B Abbreviations and Acronyms 961 Certifications 962 Organizations and Regulations 962 Measurements 963 Technical Terms 964 Index 981.