1. Introduction What Are APIs? What's Different about API Design? Why Should You Use APIs? When Should You Avoid APIs? API Examples File Formats and Network Protocols About This Book 2. Qualities Model the Problem Domain Hide Implementation Details Minimally Complete Easy to Use Loosely coupled Stable, Documented, and Tested 3. Patterns Pimpl Idiom Singleton Factory Methods API Wrapping Patterns Observer Pattern 4. Design A Case for Good Design Gathering Functional Requirements Creating Use Cases Elements of API Design Architecture Design Class Design Function Design 5. Styles Flat C APIs Object-Oriented C++ APIs Template-Based APIs Data-Driven APIs 6. C++ Usage Namespaces Constructors and Assignment Const Correctness Templates Operator Overloading Function Parameters Avoid #define for Constants Avoid Using Friends Exporting Symbols Coding Conventions 7. C++ Revisions Which C++ Revision to Use C++11 API Features Smart Pointers Explicit Member Functions Explicit Overrides and Final Enum Classes Function Objects Tuples Hash Tables Constant Expressions Null pointer constant Type aliases with using Unicode String Literals C++14 API Features The deprecated Attribute More Relaxed Const Expressions Binary Literals and Digit Separators C++17 API Features Nested Namespace Definitions Inline Variables Check for Header Availability Function Exception Specifications String Views Optionals Any Type Variant Container Byte Type C++20 API Features Modules Template Constraints and Concepts The Spaceship Operator The consteval Specifier Coroutines Version Header C++23 API Features Conditional Preprocessor Directives Multidimensional Subscript Operator Expected Values 8.

Performance Pass Input Arguments by Const Reference Minimize #include Dependencies Declaring Constants Initialization Lists Memory Optimization Don't Inline Until You Need To Copy on Write Iterating over Elements Performance Analysis 9. Concurrency Thread Safety Avoiding Global Data Returning Data by Value The Use of static Initialization of Data Mutex Locking for Data Access Using Async Functions Promises and Futures Producer Consumer API 10. Versioning Version Numbers Software Branching Strategies Life Cycle of an API Levels of Compatibility How to Maintain Backward Compatibility API Reviews 11. Documentation Reasons to Write Documentation Types of Documentation Documentation Usability Inclusive Language Using Doxygen 12. Testing Reasons to Write Tests Types of API Testing Writing Good Tests Writing Testable Code Automated Testing Tools 13. Objective C++ and Swift Using Objective C++ within a C++ API Objective C++ wrapper for C++ API Using os_log and signposts Accessing an Objective C++ API in Swift 14. Scripting Adding Script Bindings Script Wrapping Technologies Adding Python Bindings with Boost Python Adding Ruby Bindings with SWIG 15. Extensibility Extending via Plugins Extending via Inheritance Extending via Templates.