Preface xv Part I Fundamentals 1 1 Introduction to Laser-Induced Transfer and Other Associated Processes 3 Pere Serra and Alberto Piqué 1.1 LIFT and Its Derivatives 3 1.2 The Laser Transfer Universe 5 1.3 Book Organization and Chapter Overview 8 1.4 Looking Ahead 12 Acknowledgments 13 References 13 2 Origins of Laser-Induced Transfer Processes 17 Christina Kryou and Ioanna Zergioti 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 EarlyWork in Laser-Induced Transfer 17 2.3 Overview of Laser-Induced Forward Transfer 19 2.
3.1 Transferring Metals and Other Materials with Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) 21 2.3.2 Limitations of the Basic LIFT Technique 22 2.3.3 The Role of the Donor Substrate 22 2.3.4 Use of a Dynamic Release Layer (DRL)-LIFT 24 2.
3.5 LIFT with Ultrashort Laser Pulses 25 2.4 Other Laser-Based Transfer Techniques Inspired by LIFT 27 2.4.1 Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation-DirectWrite (MAPLE-DW) Technique 27 2.4.2 LIFT of Composite Matrix-Based Materials 27 2.4.
3 Hydrogen-Assisted LIFT 28 2.4.4 Long-Pulsed LIFT 28 2.4.5 Laser Molecular Implantation 29 2.4.6 Laser-Induced Thermal Imaging 30 2.5 Other Studies on LIFT 31 2.
6 Conclusions 31 References 32 3 LIFT Using a Dynamic Release Layer 37 Alexandra Palla Papavlu and Thomas Lippert 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Absorbing Release Layer - Triazene Polymer 40 3.3 Front- and Backside Ablation of the Triazene Polymer 42 3.4 Examples of Materials Transferred by TP-LIFT 43 3.5 First Demonstration of Devices: OLEDs and Sensors 47 3.5.1 Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLEDs) 47 3.
5.2 Sensors 49 3.6 Variation of the DRL Approach: Reactive LIFT 52 3.7 Conclusions and Perspectives 54 Acknowledgments 55 Conflict of Interest 55 References 55 4 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of Fluids 63 Juan M. Fernández-Pradas, Pol Sopeña, and Pere Serra 4.1 Introduction to the LIFT of Fluids 63 4.1.1 Origin 64 4.
1.2 Principle of Operation 65 4.1.3 Developments 66 4.2 Mechanisms of Fluid Ejection and Deposition 67 4.2.1 Jet Formation 67 4.2.
2 Droplet Deposition 69 4.3 Printing Droplets through LIFT 72 4.3.1 Role of the Laser Parameters 72 4.3.2 Role of the Fluid Properties 76 4.3.3 Setup Parameters 76 4.
4 Printing Lines and Patterns with LIFT 78 4.5 Summary 81 Acknowledgments 82 References 82 5 Advances in Blister-Actuated Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (BA-LIFT) 91 Emre Turkoz, Romain Fardel, and Craig B. Arnold 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 BA-LIFT Basics 93 5.3 Why BA-LIFT? 94 5.4 Blister Formation 97 5.4.
1 Dynamics of Blister Formation 97 5.4.2 Finite Element Modeling of Blister Formation 102 5.5 Jet Formation and Expansion 105 5.5.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics Model 106 5.5.2 Effect of the Laser Energy 108 5.
5.3 Effect of the Ink Film Properties 111 5.6 Application to the Transfer of Delicate Materials 113 5.7 Conclusions 117 References 117 6 Film-Free LIFT (FF-LIFT) 123 Salvatore Surdo, Alberto Diaspro, andMartí Duocastella 6.1 Introduction 123 6.2 Rheological Considerations in Traditional LIFT of Liquids 125 6.2.1 The Challenges behind the Preparation of aThin Liquid Film 125 6.
2.1.1 The Role of Spontaneous Instabilities 126 6.2.1.2 The Role of External Instabilities 128 6.2.2 Technologies for Thin-Film Preparation 129 6.
2.3 Wetting of the Receiver Substrate 130 6.3 Fundamentals of Film-Free LIFT 131 6.3.1 Cavitation-Induced Phenomena for Printing 131 6.3.2 Jet Formation in Film-Free LIFT 132 6.3.
3 Differences with LIFT of Liquids 134 6.4 Implementation and Optical Considerations 135 6.4.1 Laser Source 135 6.4.2 Forward (Inverted) versus Backward (Upright) Systems 136 6.4.3 Spherical Aberration and Chromatic Dispersion 137 6.
5 Applications 138 6.5.1 Film-Free LIFT for Printing Biomaterials 139 6.5.2 Film-Free LIFT for Micro-Optical Element Fabrication 140 6.6 Conclusions and Future Outlook 141 References 142 Part II The Role of the Laser-Material Interaction in LIFT 147 7 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of Metals 149 David A.Willis 7.1 Introduction, Background, and Overview 149 7.
2 Modeling, Simulation, and Experimental Studies of the Transfer Process 151 7.2.1 Thermal Processes: Film Heating, Removal, Transfer, and Deposition 151 7.2.2 Parametric Effects 153 7.2.2.1 Laser Fluence and Film Thickness 154 7.
2.2.2 Donor-Film Gap Spacing 156 7.2.2.3 PulseWidth 157 7.2.3 Droplet-Mode Deposition 160 7.
2.4 Characterization of Deposited Structures: Adhesion, Composition, and Electrical Resistivity 163 7.3 Advanced Modeling of LIFT 165 7.4 Research Needs and Future Directions 167 7.5 Conclusions 169 References 170 8 LIFT of Solid Films (Ceramics and Polymers) 175 Ben Mills, Daniel J. Heath,Matthias Feinaeugle, and RobertW. Eason 8.1 Introduction 175 8.
2 Assisted Release Processes 176 8.2.1 Optimization of LIFT Transfer of Ceramics via Laser Pulse Interference 176 8.2.1.1 Standing-Wave Interference from Multiple Layers 176 8.2.1.
2 Ballistic Laser-Assisted Solid Transfer (BLAST) 177 8.2.2 LIFT Printing of Premachined Ceramic Microdisks 180 8.2.3 Spatial Beam Shaping for Patterned LIFT of Polymer Films 181 8.3 Shadowgraphy Studies and Assisted Capture 184 8.3.1 Shadowgraphic Studies of the Transfer of CeramicThin Films 184 8.
3.2 Application of Polymers as Compliant Receivers 186 8.4 Applications in Energy Harvesting 188 8.4.1 LIFT of Chalcogenide Thin Films 189 8.4.2 Fabrication of aThermoelectric Generator on a Polymer-Coated Substrate 190 8.5 Laser-Induced Backward Transfer (LIBT) of Nanoimprinted Polymer 193 8.
5.1 Unstructured Carrier Substrate 195 8.5.2 Structured Carrier Substrate 195 8.6 Conclusions 197 Acknowledgments 197 References 197 9 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of Soft Materials 199 Zhengyi Zhang, Ruitong Xiong, and Yong Huang 9.1 Introduction 199 9.2 Background 200 9.3 Jetting Dynamics during Laser Printing of Soft Materials 201 9.
3.1 Jet Formation Dynamics during Laser Printing of Newtonian Glycerol Solutions 202 9.3.1.1 Typical Jetting Regimes 202 9.3.1.2 Jetting Regime as Function of Fluid Properties and Laser Fluence 204 9.
3.1.3 Jettability Phase Diagram 206 9.3.2 Jet Formation Dynamics during Laser Printing of Viscoelastic Alginate Solutions 208 9.3.2.1 Ink Coating Preparation and Design of Experiments 208 9.
3.2.2 Typical Jetting Regimes 209 9.3.2.3 General Observation of the Jetting Dynamics 212 9.3.2.
4 Effects of Laser Fluence on Jetting Dynamics 212 9.3.2.5 Effects of Alginate Concentration on Jetting Dynamics 214 9.3.2.6 Jettability Phase Diagram 215 9.4 Laser Printing Applications Using Optimized Printing Conditions 218 9.
5 Conclusions and FutureWork 220 Acknowledgments 221 References 222 10 Congruent LIFT with High-Viscosity Nanopastes 227 Raymond C.Y. Auyeung, Heungsoo Kim, and Alberto Piqué 10.1 Introduction 227 10.2 Congruent LIFT (or LDT) 229 10.3 Applications 235 10.4 Achieving Congruent Laser Transfers 242 10.5 Issues and Challenges 245 10.
6 Summary 246 Acknowledgment 247 References 247 11 Laser Printing of Nanoparticles 251 Urs Zywietz, Tim Fischer, Andrey Evlyukhin, Carsten Reinhardt, and Boris Chichkov 11.1 Introduction, Setup, and Motivation 251 11.2 Laser-Induced Transfer 252 11.3 Materials for Laser Printing of Nanoparticles 254 11.4 Laser Printing from Bulk-Silicon and Silicon Films 254 11.5 Magnetic Resonances of Silicon Particles 261 11.6 Laser Printing from Prestructured Films 261 11.7 Applications: Sensing, Metasurfaces, and Additive Manufacturing 263 11.
8 Outlook 266 References 266 Part III Applications 269 12 Laser Printing of ElectronicMaterials 271 Philippe Delaporte, Anne-Patricia Alloncle, and Thomas Lippert 12.1 Introduction and Context 271 12.2 Organic Thin-Film Transistor 272 12.2.1 Operation and Characteristics of OTFTs 272 12.2.2 Laser Printing of the Semiconductor Layer 275 12.2.
3 Laser Printing of Dielectric Layers 277 12.2.4 Laser Printing of Conducting Layers 279 12.2.5 Single-Step Printing of Full OTFT Device 279 12.3 Organic Light-Emitting Diode 281 12.4 Passive Components 285 12.5 Interconnection and Heterogeneous Integration 287 12.
6 Conclusion 290 References 291 13 Laser Printing of Chemical and Biological Sensors 299 Ioanna Zergioti 13.1 Introduction 299 13.2 Conventional PrintingMethods for the Fabrication of Chemical and Biological Sensors 300 13.2.1 Contact PrintingMethods 301 13.2.1.1 Pin Printing Approach 301 13.
2.1.2 Microcontact Printing (or Microstamping) Technique 302 13.2.1.3 Nanotip Printing 303 13.2.2 Noncontact Printing Methods 303 13.
2.2.1 Photochemistry-Based Printing 303.