Preface 1 Introduction and the Concept of Effective Stress 1.1 PRELIMINARY REMARKS 1.2 THE NATURE OF SOILS AND OTHER POROUS MEDIA: WHY A FULL DEFORMATION ANALYSIS IS THE ONLY VIABLE APPROACH FOR PREDICTION 1.3 CONCEPTS OF EFFECTIVE STRESS IN SATURATED OR PARTIALLY SATURATED MEDIA REFERENCES 16 2 Equations Governing the Dynamic, Soil-Pore Fluid, Interaction 2.1 GENERAL REMARKS ON THE PRESENTATION 2.2 FULLY SATURATED BEHAVIOUR WITH A SINGLE PORE FLUID (WATER) 2.3 PARTIALLY SATURATED BEHAVIOUR WITH AIR PRESSURE NEGLECTED (pa = 0) 2.4 PARTIALLY SATURATED BEHAVIOUR WITH AIR FLOW CONSIDERED (pa ≥ 0) 2.

5 ALTERNATIVE DERIVATION OF THE GOVERNING EQUATION (OF SECTION 2.2-2.4) BASED ON THE HYBRID MIXTURE THEORY 2.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS REFERENCES 40 3 Finite Element Discretization and Solution of the Governing Equations 3.1 THE PROCEDURE OF DISCRETIZATION BY THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD 3.2 u-p DISCRETIZATION FOR A GENERAL GEOMECHANICS FINITE ELEMENT CODE 3.3 THEORY: TENSORIAL FORM OF THE EQUATIONS 3.4 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 25 4 Constitutive Relations - Plasticity 4.

1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 THE GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF PLASTICITY 4.3 CRITICAL STATE MODELS 4.4 GENERALIZED PLASTICITY MODELLING 4.5 ALTERNATIVE ADVANCED MODELS 4.6 CLOSURE REFERENCES 138 5 Some Special Aspects of Analysis and Formulation: Radiation Boundaries, Adaptive Finite Element Requirement and Incompressible Behaviour 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 FAR FIELD SOLUTIONS IN QUASI-STATIC PROBLEMS 5.

3 INPUT FOR EARTHQUAKE ANALYSIS AND RADIATION BOUNDARY 5.4 ADAPTIVE REFINEMENT FOR IMPROVED ACCURACY AND THE CAPTURE OF LOCALIZED PHENOMENA 5.5 REGULARIZATION THRUOGH GRADIENT DEPENDENT PLASTICITY 5.6 STABILIZATION OF COMPUTATION FOR NEARLY INCOMPRESSIBLE BEHAVIOUR WITH MIXED INTERPOLATION 5.7 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 60 6 Examples for Static, Consolidation and Hydraulic Fracturing Problems 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 STATIC PROBLEMS 6.3 SEEPAGE 6.

4 CONSOLIDATION 6.5 HYDRAULIC FRACTURING: FRACTURE IN A FULLY SATURATED POROUS MEDIUM DRIVEN BY INCREASE IN PORE FLUID PRESSURE 6.6 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 59 7 Validation of Prediction by Centrifuge 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 SCALING LAWS OF CNTRIFUGE MODELLING 7.3 CENTRIFUGE TEST OF A DYKE SIMILAR TO A PROTOTYPE RETAINING DYKE IN VENEZUELA 7.4 THE VELACS PROJECT 7.5 COMPARISON WITH THE VELACS CENTRIFUGE EXPERIMENT 7.

6 CENTRIFUGE TEST OF A RETAING WALL 7.7 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 26 8 Applications to unsaturated problems 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 ISOTHERMAL DRAINAGE OF WATER FROM A VERTICAL COLUMN OF SAND 8.3 AIR STORAGE MODELLING IN AN AQUIFER 8.4 COMPARISON OF CONSOLIDATION AND DYNAMIC RESULTS BETWEEN SMALL STRAIN AND FINITE DEFORMATION FORMULATION 8.5 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS WITH A FULL TWO PHASE FLOW SOLUTION OF A PARTIALLY SATURATED SOIL COLUMN SUBJECTED TO A STEP LOAD 8.6 COMPACTION AND LAND SUBSIDENCE ANALYSIS RELATED TO THE EXPLOITATION OF GAS RESERVOIRS 8.

7 INITIATION OF LANDSLIDE IN PARTIALLY SATURATED SOIL 8.8 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 44 9 Prediction Application and Back Analysis to Earthquake Engineering - Basic Concepts, Seismic Input, Frequency and Time Domain Analysis 9.1 INTRODUCTION 9.2 MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL 9.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF EQUIVALENT LINEAR METHOD 9.4 PORT ISLAND LIQUEFACTION ASSESSMENT USING THE CYCLE-VISE EQUIVALENT LINEAR METHOD 9.5 PORT ISLAND LIQUEFACTION USING ONE COLUMN NONLINEAR ANALYSIS IN MULTIDIRECTION 9.6 SIMULATION OF LIQUEFACTION BEHAVIOUR DURING NIIGATA EARTHQUAKE TO ILLUSTRATE THE EFFECT OF INITIAL SHEAR STRESS 9.

7 LARGE SCALE LIQUEFACTION EXPERIMENT USING THREE DIMENSIONL NONLINEAR ANALYSIS 9.8 LOWER SAN FERNANDO DAM FAILURE REFERENCES 44 10 Beyond Failure. Modelling of Fluidized Geomaterials: Fast Catastrophic Landslides 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10.2 MATHEMATICAL MODEL: A HIERARCHICAL SET OF MODELS FOR THE COUPLED BEHAVIOUR OF FLUIDIZED GEOMATERIALS 10.3 BEHAVIOUR OF FLUIDIZED SOILS: RHEOLOGICAL MODELLING ALTERNATIVES 10.4 NUMERICAL MODELLING: 2 PHASE DEPTH INTEGRATED COUPLED MODELS 10.5 EXAMPLES AND APPLICATIONS 10.

6 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 48 (500).