Preface Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 1.1 Compaction Grouting Explained 1.2 Brief History of Compaction Grouting 1.3 Purpose and Development of this Guide 2 Mechanics of Compaction Grouting 2.1 Basic Mechanics 2.2 Soil Conditions 2.3 Field Evidence on Compaction Grout Behavior 3 Compaction Grouting Materials 3.1 Introduction 3.
2 Factors Affecting Grout Mobility 3.3 Composition 3.4 Design of the Grout Mix 4 Grouting in the Field 4.1 Methodology 4.2 Equipment 4.2.1 Mixing 4.2.
2 Pumps 4.2.3 Hoses and Fittings 4.2.4 Safety on Site 4.2.5 Casings 4.2.
6 Headers 4.2.7 Fittings 4.2.8 Pressure Gauges 4.3 Drilling 5 Subsurface Investigation for Compaction Grouting 5.1 Investigation Planning 5.2 General Investigations 5.
2.1 Data Review 5.2.2 Sampling 5.2.3 Investigation Limits 5.2.4 Laboratory Testing 5.
2.5 Analysis and Report 5.3 Investigations for Grouting Design 5.3.1 Defining the Purpose of Grouting 5.3.2 Defining the Mechanism of Grouting 5.3.
3 Determining the Extent of Grouting 5.3.4 Selecting Exploration Methods 5.3.5 Logging of Field Investigation 5.3.6 Field Inspectors 5.3.
7 Flexibility to Accommodate the Unexpected 5.3.8 Record and Report Everything 6 Design of Compaction Grouting 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Geometric Idealization of the Grout Mass 6.3 Suitability of In Situ Soil for Compaction Grouting 6.4 Pressure-Volume Behavior of In Situ Soil 6.5 Pressure-Volume Behavior of Grout 6.
6 Pressure Losses in the Casing 6.7 Injection Sequence 6.8 Injection Spacing 6.9 Estimating Grout Quantities 6.9.1 Densification 6.10 Limitations on Grout Injection 6.10.
1 Soil Confinement 6.10.2 Influence on Structures 6.11 Measuring Refusal 6.12 Grouting Records 7 Analysis of Compaction Grouting 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Methods of Analysis 7.2.
1 Geometric Idealization 7.2.2 Alternative Soil Models 7.2.3 Importance of Large Strain 7.2.4 Simple Approach 7.2.
5 Numerical Cavity Expansion 7.2.6 Commercial Finite Element Codes 7.2.7 Consolidation of the In Situ Soil during and after Grouting 7.3 Importance of Monitoring Grout Injection 7.4 Centrifuge Modeling 7.5 Field Trials 7.
6 Large-Scale Laboratory Tests 8 Monitoring during Construction 8.1 Why Monitor? 8.2 What to Measure 8.3 Automatic Monitoring of Grout Injection 8.4 Monitoring Ground and Structure Movements 8.4.1 Detecting Movement 8.4.
2 Manual Methods 8.4.3 Automated Movement Monitoring 8.5 Data Processing, Presentation, and Grouting Control 8.5.1 Establish Expectations 8.5.2 Grouting Control during Injection 8.
5.3 Piezometric Monitoring 8.5.4 Assessing Grouting Protocol Based on Ground Response 9 Verification of Grouting Effectiveness 9.1 Overview of Verification Program Development 9.2 Planning a Verification Program 9.2.1 Goals of Verification 9.
2.2 Design for Verification 9.2.3 Test or Preconstruction Grouting 9.2.4 Review Injection Monitoring Data 9.3 Verification Methods 9.3.
1 General Considerations 9.3.2 Measuring Density Changes 9.3.3 Penetration Resistance 9.3.4 Geophysical Methods (Shear Wave Velocity) 9.3.
5 Other Verification Tests 9.3.6 Excavation/Coring 9.4 Summary and Conclusions 10 Applications 10.1 Settlement Correction 10.1.1 Soil Improvement under Existing Structures 10.1.
2 Deep Foundations 10.1.3 Improving Collapsible Soils 10.1.4 Settlement Mitigation References 10.2 Preconstruction Soil Densification Applications 10.2.1 Liquefaction Mitigation 10.
2.2 Soil Improvement under Proposed Structures 10.2.3 Soft Ground Tunneling 10.2.4 Foundations Involving Lateral Loading 10.2.5 Preconstruction Soil Densification References 10.
3 Sinkhole Remediation 10.4 Further Information Appendix: Guide Specifications for Compaction Grouting Using the Bottom-Up System References Index.