Part 1 Introduction: backgrounds, concept and methodology of sustainable PFALs 1. Characteristics, potential and challenges of plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs): Introduction: Toyoki Kozai and Eri Hayashi, Japan Plant Factory Association, Japan; 2. Requirements and features of cultivation system modules in advanced plant factories with artificial lighting: Toyoki Kozai and Eri Hayashi, Japan Plant Factory Association, Japan; 3. Research and technology in plant factories with artificial lighting: past, present and future: Ying Liu, Paul Kusuma and Leo F. M. Marcelis, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands; Part 2 Energy and other resource performance 4. Life cycle assessment of indoor vertical farms: Michael Martin, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden; and Francesco Orsini, University of Bologna, Italy; 5. Reducing carbon emissions from plant factories with artificial lighting: Toyoki Kozai, Japan Plant Factory Association, Japan; 6.
Optimizing energy and other resource use in vertical farms: Francesco Orsini, Laura Carotti, Mohammad Kazem Souri, Giuseppina Pennisi and Giorgio Gianquinto, University of Bologna, Italy; 7. Energy consumption in plant factories with artificial lighting: concepts and pathways toward a sustainable future: Michael Eaton and Neil Mattson, Cornell University, USA; 8. Closed plant production systems in vertical farms for a circular economy: Yoshiaki Kitaya, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan; Part 3 Phenotyping 9. Application of machine vision in plant factories: Wei Ma and Zhiwei Tian, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; 10. Plant phenotyping of individual plants towards optimal environmental control in plant factories: Eri Hayashi, Japan Plant Factory Association, Japan; Part 4 Spectral manipulations for controlling the growth and quality of leafy greens 11. Growth and quality of lettuce in vertical farms as affected by red:blue and red:far-red ratios: Wenqing Jin, Wageningen University & Research and Priva B.V., The Netherlands; and Hua Li, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands; 12.
Spectral manipulations to control growth and quality of lettuce and other leafy greens in vertical farms: Yuxin Tong, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; 13. Adjusting photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) to improve the quality of leafy vegetables in vertical farms: Qianxixi Min, Leo F. M. Marcelis and Ernst J. Woltering, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands; Part 5 Spectral manipulations for controlling the growth and quality of ornamentals, fruit vegetables and herbs 14. Effect of far-red light on improving yields of tomatoes produced in vertical farms: Yongran Ji and Michele Butturini, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands; 15. Growth and nutritional contents of medicinal plants and herbs as affected by light and root zone environments in plant factories with artificial lighting: Na Lu, Wenshuo Xu and Duyen T. P.
Nguyen, Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Japan; Part 6 Business case studies 16. Lessons learned from operational and shuttered vertical plant farms: Francis Baumont De Oliveira, University of Liverpool, UK; and Ronald Dyer, University of Sheffield, UK; 17. Design and management of globally-networked plant factories: commercial application and future opportunities: Viviana Correa Galvis, Pádraic J. Flood and Pavlos Kalaitzoglou, Infarm - Indoor Urban Farming B.V., The Netherlands; 18. Oishii Farm: gaining the leading edge in the plant factory business and looking ahead: Hiroki Koga and Kenzo Uchigasaki, Oishii Farm, USA; 19. Data-driven operations for a productive and sustainable plant factory: Katashi Kai and Morio Okabe, Shinnippou Ltd, Japan; 20.
Design and management of industrialscale vertical farms: Intelligent Growth Solutions (IGS): Gonçalo Neves, Andrew Lloyd, Niall Skinner, Douglas Elder, Dave Scott, Niels Kortstee, Emily Seward, Csaba Hornyik, Alexander Keel-Dwyer and Lawrence Ross, Intelligent Growth Solutions (IGS), UK; Part 7 Concluding remarks 21. Plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs): Concluding remarks: Eri Hayashi and Toyoki Kozai, Japan Plant Factory Association, Japan;.