MicroRNA Advances and Application in Plant Biology is presents a comprehensive, broad range of tools and techniques used for microRNA identification and utilization for diversity analysis in plants, crop improvement, and gene regulation in different plant models. While biological microRNA database resources have been created for the better understanding of structural and functional properties of primary-microRNAs (pri-microRNAs) to mature microRNAs, there remains a need for foundation understanding of how microRNAs may play a very crucial role in a plant life cycle as an regulatory and stress tolerance molecule. There are still many unanswered questions about the structural and functional properties of the mi RNAs like the role of microRNA in crop improvement, gene regulation, stress tolerance, disease resistance plant, plant communication and environmental interaction. With expert insights, this book addresses those questions through curated chapters that are well-illustrated with informative data, tables, figures, and photographs, revealing the latest information on MicroRNA, its role and potential benefit in plant health and productivity.