Recent advances in fish cytogenetics have increased interest toward chromosome analysis in both fundamental research (systematics and comparative genomics among fish and other vertebrate groups) and applied research (aquaculture, conservation and response to pollutants, and whole genome sequencing of model fish species). Traditional cytogenetic techniques and molecular cytogenetics have greatly improved in various labs around the world, but technical details and protocols are often not published in scientific journals due to constraints in format and size, and therefore are not accessible to the whole scientific community. This book fills a need for a handbook specifically dealing with fish cytogenetics. It brings together and updates the main techniques so that the traditional methods may be standardized, and novel developments and improvements may be shared by the entire scientific community interested in fundamental and applied fish cytogenetics.