This book offers an updated overview of the most recent research advances in the field, a comparison of established techniques and methods, a discussion on current experimental and translational challenges, and a commentary on potential opportunities and future directions. Dedicated chapters address and review the preclinical and clinical state-of-the-art of gene therapies for the reconstructive and regenerative surgery of skin and wound healing, pathological scarring, cartilage, tendons, skeletal muscles, and bio-engineered flaps. A brief guide to developing gene therapy clinical trials in the context of reconstructive and regenerative surgery is also provided. Biomedical and technological innovations are transforming our capacity to use gene therapies to safely and effectively repair, reconstruct and regenerate tissues that are deficient or have been damaged by trauma or disease. The targeted and controlled modulation of gene expression in tissues represents a vital next-generation therapeutic tool for the modern reconstructive surgeon, expanding the horizon of regenerative surgery and tissue engineering. By regulating gene expression in tissues, physicians can direct stem cell differentiation and cell function, modulate the release of growth/transcriptional factors or the biological properties of scaffolds, and control inflammation in tissue injury and immune-suppression in composite tissue allotransplants and xenotransplants. Written by renowned reconstructive surgeons - leading experts in each of these fields - from top academic institutions around the globe, the book provides an initial practical guide for veteran and newcomer clinicians alike, as well as for researchers interested in exploring the latest gene-based therapeutic strategies for reconstructive and regenerative surgery.