Table of Contents Dedication Preface Introduction Chapter 1: Diet related chronic diseases are the most critical health problem of modern societies - how did that happen? Chapter 2: The "industrialized" microbiome - a caution label for a global epidemic Missing microbes - does it matter? Chapter 3: The subtle problems of microbiome research Is the microbiome "oversold"? Is microbiome science heading in the wrong direction? Chapter 4: The gut microbiome: a new perspective Our microbiome is a metabolic organ Functional omes : metabolites over species Finding a new definition for a "healthy" microbiome and "dysbiosis" Chapter 5: Shaping the microbial behavior Diet: the master educator of the gut microbiome Starving the microbial self: a foundation for developing a chronic disease Chapter 6: The toxic microbiome "It's not the fiber, it's the animal protein" Protein fermentation Fat toxicity Secondary bile acids Heme iron TMAO: the way to a man's heart is through his gut microbiota Toxicomicrobiomics A toxic microbiome: useful for predicting chronic diseases? Chapter 7: How to build a healthy gut microbiome and prevent chronic diseases The "true" human diet: are humans really omnivores? "The Paleo diet is a myth" Protein concerns: Do we get enough on plants? Feeding microbes for disease prevention and treatment Chapter 8: "Fixing" the microbiome - Can we restore a healthy microbiome by other means than diet? Probiotics - hype or hope? Fecal microbial transplantation or "The Power of Poop" The "Wild West" of microbiome science: drugging the microbiome and personalized nutrition Glossary Abbreviations Literature.