Preface.- PartI CLINICAL AND ANATOMICAL ASPECTS .- 1 Epidemiology and Carcinogenesis of Rectal Cancer.- 2 Neoadjuvant Chemiotherapy.- 3 Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy.- 4 Postoperative Adjuvant Therapy and Results.- 5 Surgical Anatomy of the Rectum.- Part II TRANSABDOMINAL APPROACH.

- 6 MultiPort Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision with Low Colorectal Anastomosis.- 7 Reduced Port Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision with Low Colorectal Anastomosis.- 8 Single-Port Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision with Low Colorectal Anastomosis.- 9 Robot-Assisted Total Mesorectal Excision with Low Colorectal Anastomosis.- 10 Robot-Assisted Single-Port Total Mesorectal Excision with Low Colorectal Anastomosis.- 11 MultiPort Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision with Coloanal Anastomosis +/- Intersphincteric Resection.- 12 Reduced Port Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision with Coloanal Anastomosis +/- Intersphincteric Resection.- 13 Single-Port Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision with Coloanal Anastomosis +/- Intersphincteric Resection.

- 14 Robot-Assisted Total Mesorectal Excision with Coloanal Anastomosis +/- Intersphincteric Resection.- Part III TRANSANAL & HYBRID APPROACH.- 15 TransAnal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM) & TransAnal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS).- 16 TransAnal Total Mesorectal Excision with MultiPort Laparoscopic Assistance.- 17 TransAnal Total Mesorectal Excision with Single-Port Laparoscopic Assistance.- 18 TransAnal Pure Total Mesorectal Excision without Laparoscopic Assistance.- 19 Robot-Assisted TransAnal Total Mesorectal Excision with MultiPort Laparoscopic Assistance.- 20 Robot-Assisted TransAnal Total Mesorectal Excision with Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Assistance.

- Part IV ABDOMINOPERINAL APPROACH.- 21 MultiPort Laparoscopic AbdominoPerineal Resection.- 22 Reduced Port Laparoscopic AbdominoPerineal Resection.- 23 Single-Port Laparoscopic AbdominoPerineal Resection.- 24 Robot-Assisted AbdominoPerineal Resection.