This concise reference text summarizes the current knowledge of nuclear medical applications in a wide range of fields, including oncology, cardiology, endocrinology, neurology, gastroenterology, urology, gynecology, and pediatrics. Besides well-established methodologies, recent developments in diagnosis (in particular the hybrid imaging techniques, PET/CT and SPECT/CT) and advances in therapy (radioimmunotherapy, radiopeptide therapies) are presented. Each chapter is introduced by a synopsis summarizing those indications for which a nuclear diagnostic test or therapeutic procedure is superior, comparable, or inferior to competing techniques. Procedure guidelines are briefly described and online references to existing society guidelines, provided. Diagnostic efficacy is carefully appraised and, whenever possible, cost effectiveness is assessed.It is anticipated that this book will become the standard reference both for nuclear medicine physicians and for practitioners in related fields (e.g., oncologists, cardiologists, endocrinologists, and neurologists).