Chapter 1: From Röntgen Rays to Carbon Ion Therapy: The Evolution of Modern Radiation Oncology Chapter 2: Radiobiology and Hadron Therapy: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know? Chapter 3: Challenges Surrounding RBE for Particle Therapy: Where Do We Go from Here? Chapter 4: Advances in Beam Delivery Techniques and Accelerators in Particle Therapy Chapter 5: Requirements for Setting up a Particle Therapy Center Chapter 6: Imaging and Particle Therapy: Current Status and Future Perspectives Chapter 7: Why Particle Therapy rather than Photon Therapy or How to Integrate the Decision into Multimodal Management. Chapter 8: Role of Multidisciplinary Collaborative Network for Advancing Cancer Therapy Chapter 9: Long-term Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Indications for Particle Therapy in Sarcomas Chapter 10: Proton therapy for Pediatric Patients Chapter 11: NTCP Reduction in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Patients Using Proton Therapy Chapter 12: The Model-based Approach to Select Patients for Proton Therapy and to Validate its Added Value Chapter 13: Overview of Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy in Japan Chapter 14: Particle Therapy Clinical Trials: Perspectives from Europe, Japan and USA Chapter 15: Role of Particle Therapy in Future Radiotherapy practice Chapter 16: Health Economics: Cost, Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact of Particle Therapy Chapter 17: Big Data-based Decision Support Systems for Hadrontherapy Chapter 18: CERN Collaborations in Hadron Therapy and Future Accelerators Chapter 19: Addressing Global Challenges for Radiation Therapy: From "C" to shining "C" (Cobalt to Carbon) and the "Radiation Rotary".