Section 1: Basics of Infection Definition of Periprosthetic Joint Infections Incidence and Burden of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Economic Burden of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Common Antibiotics and Mechanism of Action Biofilm Multidisciplinary Approach to Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infections Future Trends and Challenges Section 2: Preoperative Medical Optimization Predisposing Factors for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Perioperative Management of Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperglycemia Malnutrition and Obesity Cigarette and Tobacco Risks Prior Intra-articular Joint Injection and Risk of Infection Perioperative Management of Home Medications and Supplements Inflammatory Arthropathy Total Joint Arthroplasty in Patients with Prior Septic Arthritis Perioperative Management of Concomitant Infections Conversion Arthroplasty with Hardware in Situ Liver and Kidney Disease Anemia Peripheral Vascular Disease Alcohol and Drug Use Depression and Other Psychiatric Illnesses Anticoagulation and Prosthetic Joint Infection Infection Prevention Guidelines Section 3: Intraoperative and Postoperative Optimization Preoperative Skin Preparation: Decolonization and Antisepsis Operating Room Environment Incise Drapes Antibiotic Prophylaxis Workup of Patients with Suspected Urinary Tract Infection Irrigation Solutions in Total Joint Arthroplasty Cement and Antibiotics Blood Conservation Wound Closure and Drain Use Postarthroplasty Antibiotic Prophylaxis Section 4: Diagnosis of Infection Available Diagnostic Laboratory Tests and Molecular Biomarkers Joint Aspiration Imaging for Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Culture Principles Culture-negative Periprosthetic Joint Infections Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Inflammatory Conditions Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Adverse Metal Reaction Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection: The Rothman Institute Algorithm Section 5: Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Management of Wound Drainage Management of Fungal Periprosthetic Joint Infections Management of Mycobacterial Infection Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Caused by Enterococcus Periprosthetic Joint Infection Caused by Rare Organisms Irrigation and Debridement for Periprosthetic Joint Infection One-stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Resection Arthroplasty Removal of Well-fixed Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Components in the Setting of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Two-stage Exchange Arthroplasty: Antibiotic Spacers Reimplantation Following Two-stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Prosthetic Joint Infection Suppressive Antimicrobial Therapy and Prosthetic Joint Infection Prognostic Classification for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Periprosthetic Joint Infection and Mortality Current Limitations, Evolving Technologies and Future Directions in the Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Index.