List of Contributors vii Introduction xiii Abdulla Watad, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, and Yehuda Sheonfeld 1 Hyperstimulation of the Immune System 1 Hadas Hodadov and Abdulla Watad 2 Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA): Genetics, Immunization, and Autoimmunity 7 Carlo Perricone, Elena Bartoloni Bocci, and Roberto Gerli 3 Vaccine Adjuvants: History, Role, Mechanisms of Action, and Side Effects 15 Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Abdulla Watad, and Yehuda Shoenfeld 4 Commonly Used Food Additives Are Nutritional Adjuvants in ASIA Syndrome 29 Aaron Lerner and Carina Benzvi 5 Silicone Implant Incompatibility Syndrome 51 V'nia Borba and Yehuda Shoenfeld 7 Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA or Shoenfeld's Syndrome) Due to Polypropylene Mesh Implants 67 Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert and Mohammed Osman 8 Vaccines, Vaccinosis, and Autoimmunity 85 Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Abdulla Watad, and Yehuda Shoenfeld 9 Sustained Immune Activation in ASIA Syndrome - A Bridge to Lymphomagenesis 91 Dana Butnaru 10 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 107 Kassem Sharif 11 Autoantibodies and Autonomic Nervous System 117 Iana Leineman, Varvara Ryabkova, and Natalia Gavrilova 12 Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) as a Part of ASIA Syndrome 129 Paula David 6 Silicone Breast Implants (SBIs) and Autoimmune Dysautonomya 63 Gilad Halpert, Abdulla Watad, Howard Amital, and Yehuda Shoenfeld 13 Role of the Small-fiber Neuropathy in the Pathogenesis of ASIA Syndrome 137 N. Gavrilova, E. Kamaeva, M. Lukashenko, and L. Soprun 14 Tattoo as a Possible Trigger for Autoimmune Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants 147 Paula David 15 The Sick Building Syndrome as a Part of the Autoimmune (Autoinflammatory) Syndrome Induced by Adjuvant 155 Asher Pardo and Eitan Israeli 22 Sjögren's Syndrome as a Proof of Concept of the Hyperstimulation Syndrome 265 V'nia Borba and Yehuda Shoenfeld 23 Gluteal Biopolymer Injections as a Case of ASIA Syndrome 283 Rojas-Villarraga Adriana, María Alejandra Martínez-Ceballos, Uribe Rosa, and Montealegre Giovanni 16 Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) and ASIA Syndrome 167 Efrosiniia Talalai 17 Vaccinations in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases 181 Isa Seida and Naim Mahroum 18 Autoimmune Phenomena in Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors 191 Milena Tocut, Michael Ehrenfeld, and Gisele Zandman-Goddard 19 Heavy Metals in Autoimmune Diseases: Too Much Noise in Autoimmunity 201 Kassem Sharif and Howard Amital 20 The Role of Bisphenol A in ASIA Syndrome 225 Zora Lazurova 21 Sarcoidosis and Autoimmune Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants: Is There a Connection? 247 Anna Malkova, Yulia Zinchenko, Anna Starshinova, Igor Kudryavtsev, Piotr Yablonskiy, and Yehuda Shoenfeld 24 The Chemical and Social Landscape of the Modern World and Increased Risk of ASIA 305 Albert Pinhasov, Elena Shmerkin, and Michael Kirby 25 Oil Injections and ASIA Syndrome 323 Olga Vera-Lastra, Alberto Ordinola-Navarro, Abihai Lucas Hernández, Gabriela Medina, María P. Cruz-Domínguez, Gabriel M. Ramírez, and Luis J. Jara 26 Metals in Dental Implants as a Trigger of Autoimmunity 337 Arad Dotan and Yehuda Shoenfeld 27 Conclusions: State of the Art and Prospects 341 Abdulla Watad, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, and Yehuda Shoenfeld Index 345.