SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 4 Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Histology Kathryn Foucar, MD 14 Bone Marrow Examination and Techniques Kathryn Foucar, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD 26 Synoptic/Integrated Bone Marrow Reporting and Algorithmic Testing Amer Mahmoud, MD, FCAP and Cordelia Sever, MD, FCAP 30 Overview of Constitutional and Acquired Bone Marrow Disorders Kathryn Foucar, MD SECTION 2: ANEMIA 38 Overview of Anemia Kathryn Foucar, MD ACQUIRED ANEMIAS 44 Anemias of Inflammation, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cancer Qian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD 48 Iron Deficiency Anemia Qian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD 52 Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias Qian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD 58 Alloimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Hemolytic Disease of Newborn Qian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD 62 Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia Qian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD, Jay S. Raval, MD, and Marian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH 68 Megaloblastic Anemia Kristin Hunt Karner, MD and Daniel Babu, MD 76 Acquired Nonneoplastic Sideroblastic Anemia Brittany Coffman, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD 80 Alcoholism-Associated Anemia Brittany Coffman, MD, Kathryn Foucar, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD 84 Anemia in Older Adults Kathryn Foucar, MD 88 Copper Deficiency-Associated Anemia Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD 92 Acquired Red Cell Aplasia Kristin Hunt Karner, MD 96 Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood Kathryn Foucar, MD 98 Parvovirus-Induced Red Cell Aplasia Kristin Hunt Karner, MD 102 Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Kristin Hunt Karner, MD 108 Acquired Aplastic Anemia Kathryn Foucar, MD and David R. Czuchlewski, MD CONSTITUTIONAL ANEMIAS 112 Thalassemia Kristin Hunt Karner, MD 118 Sickle Cell Anemia Kristin Hunt Karner, MD 122 Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency Brittany Coffman, MD and Kathryn Foucar, MD 124 Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency Kristin Hunt Karner, MD 126 Hereditary Spherocytosis Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD 132 Hereditary Elliptocytosis, Including Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis Brittany Coffman, MD, Kathryn Foucar, MD, and Kaaren K.

Reichard, MD 136 Diamond-Blackfan Anemia David R. Czuchlewski, MD 140 Fanconi Anemia David R. Czuchlewski, MD 144 Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Kathryn Foucar, MD 150 Congenital Sideroblastic Anemia David R. Czuchlewski, MD 154 Congenital Megaloblastic Anemia David R. Czuchlewski, MD SECTION 3: ERYTHROCYTOSIS CONSTITUTIONAL 162 Congenital Erythrocytosis David R. Czuchlewski, MD ACQUIRED 166 Acquired Erythrocytosis Kathryn Foucar, MD SECTION 4: BENIGN LEUKOCYTE DISORDERS IN BLOOD AND BONE MARROW 172 Overview of Benign Leukocyte Disorders in Blood and Bone Marrow Kathryn Foucar, MD 176 Pancytopenia Kathryn Foucar, MD 184 Neutropenia Kathryn Foucar, MD 190 Neutrophilia Kathryn Foucar, MD 196 Monocytosis Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD 202 Eosinophilia Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD 210 Basophilia Kathryn Foucar, MD 212 Lymphocytosis Qian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD 216 Lymphopenia, Constitutional and Acquired Qian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD 220 Plasmacytosis of Bone Marrow Kathryn Foucar, MD 228 Hematogones in Bone Marrow Devon Chabot-Richards, MD and Kaaren K.

Reichard, MD 238 Lymphoid Aggregates in Bone Marrow Kathryn Foucar, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD 246 Granulomas in Bone Marrow Kathryn Foucar, MD SECTION 5: CONSTITUTIONAL GRANULOCYTIC DISORDERS CONSTITUTIONAL NEUTROPENIAS 254 Severe Congenital Neutropenia and Cyclic Neutropenia David R. Czuchlewski, MD 258 Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome David R. Czuchlewski, MD 262 Chediak-Higashi Syndrome David R. Czuchlewski, MD 266 Myelokathexis in WHIM Syndrome Kathryn Foucar, MD CONSTITUTIONAL NEUTROPHIL ANOMALIES 270 Pelger-Huët Anomaly Kathryn Foucar, MD 274 MYH9-Related Disorders David R. Czuchlewski, MD 278 Selected Lysosomal Storage Diseases With Abnormal Leukocyte Granulation David R. Czuchlewski, MD SECTION 6: MEGAKARYOCYTIC DISORDERS 286 Overview of Megakaryocytic Disorders Kathryn Foucar, MD, Marian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD ACQUIRED PLATELET DISORDERS WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA 296 Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia Kristin Hunt Karner, MD 302 Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Kristin Hunt Karner, MD 308 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) Marian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH and Evelyn L.

Lockhart, MD, MScBMC 312 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Kristin Hunt Karner, MD, Jay S. Raval, MD, and Marian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH 316 Pregnancy-Associated Thrombocytopenia Kathryn Foucar, MD, Marian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH, and Evelyn L. Lockhart, MD, MScBMC CONSTITUTIONAL PLATELET DISORDERS WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA 320 Thrombocytopenia Absent Radius Syndrome David R. Czuchlewski, MD 324 Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia David R. Czuchlewski, MD 328 Gray Platelet Syndrome David R. Czuchlewski, MD 332 Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome-Related Disorders David R. Czuchlewski, MD 336 Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura David R. Czuchlewski, MD THROMBOCYTOSIS 340 Thrombocytosis Kristin Hunt Karner, MD SECTION 7: INFECTIONS 346 Overview of Infections Carla S.

Wilson, MD, PhD and Karissa Culbreath, PhD, D(ABMM) 350 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD 354 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Karissa Culbreath, PhD, D(ABMM) and Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD 364 Infectious Mononucleosis Syndromes (Epstein-Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus) Karissa Culbreath, PhD, D(ABMM) and Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD 374 Parvovirus B19 Infection Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD 378 Bacterial Infections, Blood and Bone Marrow Features Karissa Culbreath, PhD, D(ABMM) and Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD 388 Fungal Infections, Blood and Bone Marrow Features Mohammad A. Vasef, MD 394 Helminthic Infections Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD and Karissa Culbreath, PhD, D(ABMM) 398 Malaria Carla S.

Wilson, MD, PhD 406 Other Protozoan Infections Karissa Culbreath, PhD, D(ABMM), Kathryn Foucar, MD, and Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD 412 COVID-19 Infection (SARS-CoV-2) Daniel Babu, MD, Kathryn Foucar, MD, and Karissa Culbreath, PhD, D(ABMM) SECTION 8: MISCELLANEOUS NONNEOPLASTIC DISORDERS AND CONDITIONS 418 Overview and Classification of Hemophagocytic Disorders in Bone Marrow Mohammad A. Vasef, MD 426 Hematologic Manifestations of Collagen Vascular Disorders Kristin Hunt Karner, MD 432 Hematologic Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease Kathryn Foucar, MD 434 Lysosomal Storage Diseases With Predominantly Histiocytic Storage David R. Czuchlewski, MD 440 Homeopathic Remedies and Medications Affecting Blood and Bone Marrow Morphology Brittany Coffman, MD and Kathryn Foucar, MD 444 Other Pregnancy-Associated Hematologic Disorders Kathryn Foucar, MD 448 VEXAS Syndrome Brittany Coffman, MD and Kathryn Foucar, MD 452 Gelatinous Transformation and Other Bone Marrow Stromal Disorders Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD 456 Bone Marrow Necrosis Kathryn Foucar, MD 460 Crystals in Bone Marrow Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD 466 Bone Abnormalities in Bone Marrow Specimens Kathryn Foucar, MD SECTION 9: MYELOID NEOPLASMS 476 Overview and Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms Kathryn Foucar, MD 482 Specialized Testing in Myeloid Neoplasms David R. Czuchlewski, MD MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS 484 Overview of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Kathryn Foucar, MD 488 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Daniel Babu, MD, Kathryn Foucar, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD 498 Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia Kathryn Foucar, MD, Devon Chabot-Richards, MD, and Kaaren K.

Reichard, MD 506 Polycythemia Vera Mohammad A. Vasef, MD and M. Carmen Frias Kletecka, MD 512 Primary Myelofibrosis Kathryn Foucar, MD, Daniel Babu, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD 522 Essential Thrombocythemia Kathryn Foucar, MD, Daniel Babu, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD 530 Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia, Not Otherwise Specified Kathryn Foucar, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD 538 Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Unclassifiable Kathryn Foucar, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD MASTOCYTOSIS 544 Systemic Mastocytosis Marian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD 554 Mast Cell Leukemia Marian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH, Kathryn Foucar, MD, and Kaaren K.

Reichard, MD MYELOID/LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS WITH EOSINOPHILIA AND TYROSINE KINASE GENE FUSIONS 562 Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms With Eosinophilia and PDGFRA David R. Czuchlewski, MD 564 Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms With Eosinophilia and PDGFRB David R. Czuchlewski, MD 566 Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms With Eosinophilia and FGFR1 David R. Czuchlewski, MD 568 Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms With Eosinophilia and FLT3 and Other.