Classification of osteodysplasias and study protocol.- Classification of osteodysplasias and dysmorphic syndromes with skeletal involvement.- Cranial anomalies.- Congenital deformities of the spine.- Deformities of the thoracic cage and pelvis.- Ectromelia.- Congenital deformities of the upper limb.- Congenital deformities of the lower limb.
- Exogenous causes of osteopathy.- Osteodysplasias.- Lethal micromelic type osteodysplasias.- Rhizomelic dwarfism dysplasias.- Mesomelic dwarfism.- Mesoacromelic dysplasias.- Acromelic dysplasias.- Dysplasia with severe proximal-distal micromelia.
- Osteodysplasias with isolated or concurrent involvement of epiphyses, metaphyses, and vertebral bodies.- Congenital sclerosing, hyperostotic, and dysmodelling osteopathies.- Rarefying and hypostotic osteopathies.- Osteopathies from anarchic tissue development.- Idiopathic osteolysis.- Chromosomal aberrations.- Dismorphic syndromes with skeletal anomalies.- Lethal or sublethal evolving syndromes.
- Dismorphic syndromes with craniofacial anomalies.- Dismorphic syndromes with anomalies of the skull and extremities.- Dismorphic syndromes with anomalies of the oral cavity and extremities.- Dismorphic syndromes with predominant involvement of the limb skeleton.- Dismorphic syndromes with predominant involvement of the trunk.- Dismorphic syndromes with bone overgrowth.- Dismorphic syndromes with dolichostenomelia.- Dismorphic syndromes with joint stiffness.
- Dismorphic syndromes with prenatal dwarfism and skeletal anomalies.- Dismorphic syndromes with cerebral and skeletal anomalies.- Dismorphic syndromes with ocular and skeletal anomalies.- Dismorphic syndromes with cardiac and skeletal anomalies.- Dismorphic syndromes with pulmonary and skeletal anomalies.- Dismorphic syndromes with renal and skeletal anomalies.- Dismorphic syndromes with genital and skeletal anomalies.- Dismorphic syndromes with cutaneous and skeletal anomalies.
- Dismorphic syndromes with pterygium and skeletal malformations.- Dismorphic syndromes with amartomatous and skeletal anomalies.- Syndromes that combine progeria and skeletal malformations.- Syndromes that combine anemia or thrombocytopenia with skeletal defects.- Skeletal anomalies and twin pregnancies.- Hereditary muscle-spinal malformations.- Skeletal syndromes resulting from metabolic anomalies.- Images of normal bone.
- Biometry.- Prenatal genetic counseling.- Genetic investigations (the synergy between obstetrician and geneticist in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital defects).- Legal aspects in the ultrasound diagnosis of fetal osteopathology.- Doubt: recognition or diagnostic accuracy?- Reporting.- Conclusions.- Glossary.- Analytical index.