List of Contributors vii Foreword ix Preface xi About the Companion Website xiii 1 Anatomy of MultiÂ]rooted Teeth and Aetiopathogenesis of the Furcation Defect 1 Bernadette Pretzl 2 Clinical and Radiographic Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Furcation Involvement 15 Peter Eickholz and Clemens Walter 3 How Good are We at Cleaning Furcations? NonÂ]surgical and Surgical Studies 33 JiaÂ]Hui Fu and HomÂ]Lay Wang 4 Furcation: The Endodontist's View 55 Federica Fonzar and Riccardo Fabian Fonzar 5 Why do We Really Care About Furcations? LongÂ]term Tooth Loss Data 91 Luigi Nibali 6 Regenerative Therapy of Furcation Involvements in Preclinical Models: What is Feasible? 105 Nikolaos Donos, Iro Palaska, Elena Calciolari, Yoshinori Shirakata, and Anton Sculean 7 Regenerative Therapy of Furcations in Human Clinical Studies: What has been Achieved So Far? 137 Søren Jepsen and Karin Jepsen 8 Furcation Therapy: Resective Approach and Restorative Options 161 Roberto Rotundo and Alberto Fonzar 9 Furcation Tunnelling 177 Stefan G. Rüdiger 10 Innovative and Adjunctive Furcation Therapy: Evidence of Success and Future Perspective 191 Luigi Nibali and Elena Calciolari 11 Furcation: Why Bother? Treat the Tooth or Extract and Place an Implant? 209 Nikos Mardas and Stephen Barter 12 Is it Worth it? Health Economics of Furcation Involvement 229 Falk Schwendicke and Christian Graetz 13 Deep Gaps between the Roots of the Molars: A Patient's Point of View 249 Luigi Nibali 14 Assessment of Two Example Cases Based on a Review of the Literature 257 Luigi Nibali 15 Furcations: A Treatment Algorithm 269 Luigi Nibali Index 285.