Contributors xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgments xviii Part I Diagnosis, Psychology, and Genetics 1 Chapter 1 The Increased Stature of Orthodontics 3 Vinod Krishnan, Ze''ev Davidovitch, and Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman The broadening scope of orthodontics 6 The orthodontic patient as a human being 7 The patient''s biological status: does it influence orthodontic treatment? 8 Conclusions 16 References 17 Chapter 2 Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning: Collaborating with Medical and Other Dental Specialists 18 Om P. Kharbanda, Neeraj Wadhawan, and Karthik Sennimalai The other side of the story 19 Orthodontic diagnosis from a broad perspective 19 The first interaction with the patient 19 The importance of the medical history in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning 21 Overview of systemic disturbances in relation to orthodontic treatment planning 27 Identifying local dental abnormalities before attempting orthodontic treatment 32 Evaluation of the occlusion and the temporomandibular joint 42 Radiographic examination of the craniofacial region 43 Conclusion 46 References 47 Chapter 3 Psychosocial Factors in Orthodontics: Patient Perceptions, Motivation, and Expectations 52 Leslie A. Will Motivation for orthodontic treatment 52 Treatment expectations 53 Perception of malocclusion 53 Patients with psychological disorders 55 Orthognathic patients 57 Patients with orofacial clefts and craniofacial anomalies 59 Patients with acquired deformities 60 Conclusions 61 References 61 Chapter 4 Integrated Clinical Genetics/Syndromology for the Orthodontist 63 James K. Hartsfield, Jr., Lorri Ann Morford, and Aqib Muhammad Shafi Interaction with the clinical geneticist 64 Evolution of the clinical geneticist specialist 64 Contents 0005629415.INDD 7 06-05-2023 15:53:47 viii Contents When to refer 65 Artificial intelligence and facial analysis 66 Selected syndromes and conditions 66 Radiographic signs 71 History of premature tooth exfoliation 73 Conditions in which premature tooth exfoliation may occur occasionally 74 Supernumerary teeth and hypodontia (oligodontia) 77 Syndromic hypodontia 80 Supernumerary teeth or hypodontia (oligodontia) and cancer 81 Failure of dental eruption 82 Soft and hard tissue asymmetry 83 Maxillary hypoplasia 84 Functional (neoromuscular) asymmetry 86 Mandibular retrognathism 86 Connective tissue dysplasia 87 Cleft lip and cleft palate 90 Additional resources 91 References 91 Part II The Growing Patient 97 Chapter 5 Endocrinological Conditions and Orthodontic Treatment 99 Athina Chatzigianni Growth hormone disorders 99 Thyroid disease 101 Parathyroid gland disorders 103 Primary adrenal insufficiency 104 Fibrous dysplasia 104 Diabetes mellitus 105 Sex-specific endocrine disorders 106 Exogenous hormone administration 107 Conclusions 108 References 108 Chapter 6 Nutrition in Orthodontic Practice 111 Nadine Tassabehji and Jillian Kaye The importance of diet and nutrition in oral health 111 Dietary habits 113 Nutrition and oral health 119 Orthodontic guide to performing nutrition risk assessments 124 Conclusion 126 References 127 Chapter 7 Cleft Lip and Palate: Role of the Orthodontist in the Interdisciplinary Management Team 128 Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman and Mette A.R. Kuijpers Interdisciplinary team care 129 Members of the cleft lip and palate team and their roles 129 Orthodontic management 133 Conclusion 146 References 146 Chapter 8 Multidisciplinary Management of Craniofacial Malformations 150 Latha P.

Rao, Maria J. Kuriakose, and Sherry Peter General principles in the diagnosis and management of craniofacial malformations 151 Otofacial malformations 157 0005629415.INDD 8 06-05-2023 15:53:47 Contents ix Craniosynostosis 169 Conclusion 175 References 175 Part III Enhancing the Envelope of Orthodontic Care: The Medical Collaboration 179 Chapter 9 What Can Orthodontists Learn from Orthopedists Engaged in Basic Research? 181 Carlalberta Verna and Birte Melsen A common language 181 Bone adaptation to mechanical deformation and orthodontic tooth movement 189 Bone reaction to skeletal anchorage 190 Conclusion 192 References 193 Chapter 10 Acute and Chronic Infections Affecting the Oral Cavity: Orthodontic Implications 195 Vinod Krishnan, Gunnar Dahlén, Ambili R. Kumar, and Ze''ev Davidovitch Bacterial infections 196 Viral infections 206 Fungal infections 213 Parasitic infections 218 The oral cavity as a source for focal infections 219 Conclusions 221 References 221 Chapter 11 Unveiling and Managing Upper Airway Problems in the Orthodontic Patient 225 Mimi Yow, Huiting Lynn Koh, and Shaun Loh The spectrum of sleep-disordered breathing 225 Decoding obstructive sleep apnea 226 Respiration: Effect of anatomy and sleep 228 The child with sleep-disordered breathing 229 The adult with sleep-disordered breathing 233 Cephalometrics and imaging 236 Orthodontic management 236 Surgical management 238 Conclusion 239 Acknowledgments 243 References 243 Chapter 12 Interaction between the Orthodontist and Medical Airway Specialists on Respiratory and Nonrespiratory Disturbances 248 Joseph G. Ghafari and Anthony T. Macari The mouth in relation to the nasopharyngeal airway: Anatomy overview 248 Common sources of airway dysfunction 250 Nonrespiratory areas of interaction with ENT specialists 261 State of interaction between orthodontists and medical airway specialists 269 References 269 Chapter 13 Neuromuscular Diseases and the Orthodontist 272 Gregory S. Antonarakis and Stavros Kiliaridis Myotonic dystrophy 273 Duchenne muscular dystrophy 281 Conclusions 288 References 289 0005629415.INDD 9 06-05-2023 15:53:47 x Contents Chapter 14 Orthodontics for Children with Disabilities 291 Stella Chaushu, Yossi Shapira, and Adrian Becker Therapeutic access 291 Pretreatment visits, patient assessment, and future management 292 Orthodontic records 294 Overall treatment plan 294 Relapse and retention 297 Case descriptions 298 Conclusion 308 References 308 Chapter 15 Orthodontic Care in the Adult Medically Compromised Patient 310 Ashok Kumar Jena and Jitendra Sharan Cardiovascular disorders 311 Endocrine disorders 312 Infectious diseases 313 Skeletal system problems 315 Gastrointestinal disorders 316 Respiratory system problems 316 Nervous system disorders 317 Renal disorders 318 Allergy reactions 319 Conclusion 320 References 321 Part IV Orthodontics and Other Dental Specialties 323 Chapter 16 Comprehensive Periodontal Evaluation of the Orthodontic Patient: The Role of a Periodontist in Orthodontic Practice 325 Giovanni E.

Salvi, Andrea Roccuzzo, and Dimitrios Kloukos Pathological tooth migration 325 Treatment plan 326 Goals of periodontal therapy 327 Comprehensive periodontal examination 327 Case presentations 328 Acknowledgments 342 References 344 Chapter 17 The Restorative Dentist and Orthodontist: Orthodontic Implications of Dental Caries, Tooth Fracture, Exposed Dental Pulp, and Esthetic Improvements 345 Neslihan Arhun, Ayca Arman-Özçirpici, Sevi Burçak Çehreli, Kamran Gülsahi, and Ömur Polat Özsoy Pretreatment evaluation and early stages of the orthodontic treatment 346 Interactive collaboration during orthodontic treatment 356 Emergency orthodontic treatment in trauma cases 370 Immediate postorthodontic period 382 Esthetic improvements 384 Conclusion 396 References 398 Chapter 18 Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry: Two Specialties, One Goal 411 Elliott M. Moskowitz, George J. Cisneros, and Mark S. Hochberg Coordinating orthodontic and pediatric dental appointments in a group or solo practitioner setting 412 Identifying orthodontic and pediatric dental problems earlier rather than later 414 0005629415.INDD 10 06-05-2023 15:53:47 Contents xi Restoring form and function: Revisiting the unilateral posterior crossbite with a functional mandibular shift 416 Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: Who does what, when, and how? 419 Retention considerations and beyond 423 Enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment: Who takes responsibility for prevention? 425 Conclusions 426 References 426 Chapter 19 Optimizing Prosthodontic Care with Orthodontic Mechanotherapeutics 427 Hayam Alfallaj, Ruba Alkadhi, Samah Alfuriji, Fathima F. Farook, and Abdulaziz Alzaid Pre-prosthodontic management of intraarch spaces 428 Pre-prosthodontic management of interarc spaces 435 Correction of ridge deformity though orthodontic tooth movement 443 Restorative treatment befor.