Foreword by Professor Maggie Snowling 1. Introduction: Dyscalculia and mathematical learning difficulties: The test protocol. 2. Diagnosis, assessment and teaching: The benefits of linking. 3. The Dyscalculia Checklist: 31 characteristics that can contribute to maths failure 4. Starting the assessment/diagnosis: Getting to know the person through informal activities. 5.

Short term memory and working memory: The two key underlying skills that influence learning. 6. Tests of basic facts: Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Their role in maths LD and dyscalculia. 7. Mathematics anxiety: Which topics and activities create anxiety. 8. The 15-minute norm-referenced mathematics test: Basic computations and algebra designed to compare performances.

9. Errors and the 15-minute mathematics test: Recognising and understanding common error patterns. 10. Cognitive (thinking) style: How learners think through maths problems. 11. Estimation: A key life skill used to develop more confidence with mathematics. 12. Mathematics vocabulary and word problems: Exploring how they contribute to mathematics learning difficulties 13.

Criterion-referenced (formative) tests: Focusing on identified problems and showing how to build ongoing diagnosis into teaching. 14. Speed of working: The implications of 'doing mathematics' quickly. 15. Two Sample Reports. Appendix 1 A sample 'Teacher Observations' pro-forma Appendix 2 A pre-assessment pro-forma for parents/carers Appendix 3 Schools, Colleges, institutions and individuals who provided data for the norm-referenced tests in Chapters 6 and 8. References Index.