Section I: Phylogenesis and ontogenesis: 1 Comparative anatomy of the axial skeleton of vertebrates.- 2 Embryology of the spine.- 3 The growing spine.- 4 Growth cartilages of the spine and pelvic vertebra.- 5 Morphological and functional evolution of the aging spine. Section II: Postural Anatomy: 6 Standing up. Its principles. Pelvic spinal relationships.

- 7 The hip extension reserve and its relation to the spine.- 8 The EOS system: interest in the overall assessment of the balance of the spine but also its movements and balance. Section III: Descriptive Anatomy: 9 The cranial vertebra.- 10 Surgical anatomy of the vertebral pedicle.- 11 Anatomy of the sacrum: new concepts.- 12 The pelvic vertebra, the cephalic vertebra, and the concept of the chain Of balance.- 13 Are the "cranial and pelvic vertebrae" true vertebrae?.- 14 The intervertebral disk.

- 15 Anatomy of thoracolumbar posterior joints.- 16 The spinal ligaments.- 17 Sacro-iliac joints.- 18 The normal and pathological spinal muscle.- 19 Configuration of posterior lumbar muscles. Application for Study Of lumbosacral malformations.- 20 Muscles and fascia.- 21 Functional anatomy of the erector of the spine: a review.

- 22 The conjunctive structures of the posterior surface of the trunk.- 23 The spinal canals.- 24 The spinal cord.- 25 Spinal nerves (spinal innervation).- 26 Anatomy of spinal meninges.- 27 Intrinsic innervation of the vertebral column.- 28 Vascularization of the spine and cord Functional anatomy.- Section IV - Functional anatomy.

- 29 Systemic approach to the functioning of the Thoracolumbar spine.- 30 Kinematics of the spine.- 31 Spinal balance.- 32 Biomechanics and modelling of the spine.- 33 Anatomy is a living language.