Dedications v About the companion website ix Part 1 Disease processes in endodontology 1 1 The causes and sequelae of endodontic disease 2 2 Microbiology of apical periodontitis 4 3 Resorption 6 Part 2 Diagnosis 9 4 History taking 10 5 Examination and special tests 12 6 Pulp testing 14 7 Radiographic imaging for endodontics 16 Part 3 Endodontic therapy 19 8 Vital pulp therapy 20 9 Root canal morphology 22 10 Access cavity design 24 11 Mechanical preparation of the root canals 26 12 Irrigation 28 13 Root canal medicaments 30 14 Endodontic files 32 15 Endodontic armamentarium 34 16 Obturation 36 17 Root canal retreatment 38 18 Surgical endodontic treatment 40 Part 4 Pain and pain management 43 19 Odontogenic and non-odontogenic pain 44 20 Local anaesthesia in endodontics 46 21 Pain management in endodontics 48 Part 5 Outcome of endodontic treatment 51 22 Outcome of root canal treatment 52 23 Outcome of root canal surgery 54 Part 6 Endodontology and other aspects of dentistry 57 24 Endodontic-periodontic interface 58 25 Endodontic-orthodontic interface 60 26 Restoration of the endodontically treated tooth 62 27 Paediatric endodontics 64 28 Endodontics in the older population 66 29 Retain or replace? 68 30 Teeth whitening 70 Part 7 Trauma 73 31 Assessment of traumatic injuries 74 32 Management of crown fractures 76 33 Management of (crown-) root fractures 78 34 Management of luxation injuries 80 35 Management of avulsed teeth 82 Part 8 Risk management 85 36 Risk management in endodontics 86 Index 88.