Foreword, Wojciech Wiewiórowski (European Data Protection Supervisor, Poland) 1. Introduction, Jan Czarnocki (KU Leuven, Belgium), Przemyslaw Palka (Jagiellonian University, Poland) 2. The Origins of Proportionality and Balancing in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, Bart van der Sloot (Tilburg University, the Netherlands) 3. Proportionality in Modern Regulatory States Confused about Priorities. Judges Like, but do not Comply with Academic Doctrines, Paul De Hert (Tilburg University, the Netherlands) 4. Proportionality of Goals or Means? The Politics of Data Governance in the Shade of Constitutional Norms, Przemyslaw Palka (Jagiellonian University, Poland) 5. Between Rights, Interests and Risk - The Role of the Proportionality Balancing in EU Digital Law, Jan Czarnocki (KU Leuven, Belgium) 6. Proportionality in the Proposed Artificial Intelligence Liability Directive and the Revised Product Liability Directive, Li Shu (Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands) 7.

The Principle of Proportionality in Relations between Users and Providers of Digital Services, Aleksandra Gliszczynska-Grabias (Polish Academy of Sciences), Michal Jablonski (University of Warsaw, Poland) and Krzysztof Kozminski (University of Warsaw, Poland) 8. Regulating AdTech: Chasing Chimeras or the Art of the Possible? Vasileios Michail Karkatzounis (University of Aegean, Greece), Apostolos Vorras (University of Aegean, Greece) and Lilian Mitrou (University of Aegean, Greece) 9. The Data Act and the Balance of Interests between Device Purchases and Manufacturers, Bohdan Widla (Jagiellonian University, Poland) 10. A Balancing Exercise: Applying the Principle of Proportionality to Determine the Effect of Withdrawal of Consent for Processing Personal Data in Biomedical Research, Marcu Florea (University of Groningen, the Netherlands) and Jeanne Mifsud Bonnici (University of Groningen, the Netherlands) 11. Proportionality and Civil Law Policy in Copyright: Criticism of Necessity Standard as Applied in CJEU Case Poland v Parliament and Council (C-401/19) , Konrad Gliscinski (Jagiellonian University, Poland) 12. EU Digital COVID Certificate Regulation: A Retrospective Analysis on Proportionality and Data Protection, Fatma Sümerya Dogan (Jagiellonian University, Poland) and Paul De Hert (Tilburg University, the Netherlands) 13. Is Prohibiting Targeted Ads for Minors under Digital Services Act Proportionate? The Need for a Child-rights-based Approach to Protecting Children's Personal Data Online, Mateusz Kupiec (Polish Academy of Sciences).