In the last thirty-five years, governments around the globe have increasingly contracted with non-profit and for-profit entities to provide a portion of the public sector's portfolio of goods and services. In the United States, child welfare services adopted a pro-contracting approach early, and a variety of other human services have followed suit, including mental health care, job training, homeless services, and others. This trend can be traced to a variety of factors, including perceived or actual economic efficiencies in outsourcing goods and services, values concerning the role and size of government in society, and the financial and organizational constraints of many government entities. This new volume in the Public Solutions Handbook series is the first volume-length treatment of human services contracting issues, integrating both policy and practice, and exploring a broad range of issues that comprise the field: history, growth, innovations, results and outcomes, best practices, and the future of government human service contracting. Although human service contracting is a growing public sector phenomenon, little has been written on human service contract management, policy implementation and innovation, performance-based contracting, and evaluation. Chapters in this book examine real human service contracts as case studies, incorporating examples from the US and abroad. The book is specifically geared toward practitioners in the public sector, from local government service contractors to municipal employees, as well as MPA students and those enrolled in courses on intergovernmental relations and nonprofit management.