Part I* The Position of Natural Law and Human Rights in the West * The History of Natural Law Theory: Antiquity, Middle Ages and the Modern Period * Challenges to the Natural Law Theory *Part II* The Position of Natural Law in Islam *Part III* Fitrah, Human Primordial Nature *Part IV* General Features and Major Principles of Islamic Rationality *Part V* Islamic Rationality; * Reason and Rationality in Islam * Islamic Rationality in the History of Islamic Thought * Appendix: A Case Study: a Comparative Study of the Concept of Human Rights UNUDHR and the Constitution of the IRI Part I* The Position of Natural Law and Human Rights in the West * The History of Natural Law Theory: Antiquity, Middle Ages and the Modern Period * Challenges to the Natural Law Theory *Part II* The Position of Natural Law in Islam *Part III* Fitrah, Human Primordial Nature *Part IV* General Features and Major Principles of Islamic Rationality *Part V* Islamic Rationality; * Reason and Rationality in Islam * Islamic Rationality in the History of Islamic Thought * Appendix: A Case Study: a Comparative Study of the Concept of Human Rights UNUDHR and the Constitution of the IRI.