Symmetry Breaking and Defects.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Liquid 4He and Its Superfluidity.- Acknowledgments.- References.- The Role of Topological Defects in Cosmology.- References.
- Cosmic Defects and Particle Physics Constraints.- 4.3.1 Theory-F.- 4.3.2 Theory-D.- 5.
1.1 Scaling Cosmic Strings.- 5.1.2 Friction Dominated Strings.- 5.1.3 Vortons.
- 6.2.1 Constraints.- References.- to the Modern Theory of Phase Transitions.- 1 Phase Transitions: From Early Universe to Ice Cube.- 2 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking.- 3 Symmetry and Phase Transitions.
Order Parameter.- 4 Fluctuations.- 5 Power laws - Saint Graal of the complex system science.- 6 Scaling.- 7 Renormalization Group.- 8 Final remarks.- References.- Defects in Liquid Crystals: Surface and Interracial Anchoring Effects.
- 1 Introduction.- 2 Experimental observations of LC structures.- 3 Defects in nematics.- 4 Defects in SmA and other Lamellar Systems.- 5 Summary.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Scaling Laws for Fluxon Formation in Annular Josephson Tunnel Junctions.
- 1 Scaling Laws for Fluxon Production.- 2 The Experiment.- 3 The results.- 4 Comments, Future Experiments and Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Nonholonomic Field Theory of Vortices and Defect and their Physe Transitions.- 1 Summary.
- 2 Phase Transitions in Nambu-Goldstone Systems.- 3 Superfluid 4He and Superconductors.- 4 Abelian Quark Confinement.- References.- 5 Superfluid 4He.- 6 Crystals.- 7 Abelian Quark Confinement.- Acknowledgments.
- References.- Vortices and Flat Directions: the Uses of Bogomolnyi Bounds.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Energy bounds for topological defects.- 3 Bogomolnyi bounds for Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen vortices.- 4 Semilocal strings.- 5 D-term super symmetric QED.- 6 Bogomolnyi bounds, supersymmetry and fermion zero modes.
- 7 Summary.- References.- Evolution of Local Vortices and Interfaces.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Simple example - kink in one spatial dimension.- 3 Vortex in the Abelian Higgs model.- 4 Evolution of interface in a dissipative system.- 5 Remarks.
- References.- Non-Equilibrium Mott Transition in a lattice of Bose-Einstein condensates.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Josephson junction arrays.- 3 The quantum phase model.- 4 Linear Quench.- 5 The gaussian regime.- 6 The critical regime.
- 7 From superfluid to insulating phase.- 8 Conclusion.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Spontaneous Breakdown of chiral symmetry in QCD.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Domain Wall Solutions.
- 1 Introduction.- 2 The kink.- 3 SU(5) × Z2 walls.- References.- Phenomenology of Effective Gravity.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Gravity as perturbation of quantum vacuum.- 3 Robertson-Walker metric and its energy momentum tensor.
- 4 Einstein static Universe.- 5 de Sitter solution as a thermodynamic equilibrium state.- 6 Phenomenology of Godel Universe.- 7 Modification of Einstein equation and relaxation of the vacuum energy.- 8 On energy and momentum of gravitational waves.- 9 Discussion.- Acknowledgments.- References.