Introduction Property and Function of Element Mg History of Mg and Its Alloys for Biomedical Applications Design of Mg and Its Alloys for Biomedical Applications Comparison with Other Biomaterials General Analytical Methods for Biodegradable Mg and Its Alloys Biodegradation Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Mg and Its Alloys Biodegradation Mechanism of Pure Mg in the Physiological Environment Influence of Alloying Elements and Impurities on the Biodegradation of Mg and Its Alloys Degradation Mode and Rate of Mg and Its Alloys in the Physiological Environment Influence of Environmental Variables on the Biodegradation of Mg and its Alloys Biological Effects of Degradation Products Concluding Remarks Novel Structure Design for Biodegradable Mg and Its Alloys Introduction Porous Structure Composites Ultrafine-Grained Structure Glassy Structure Concluding Remarks Surface Modification Techniques for Biodegradable Mg and Its Alloys Introduction Mechanical Surface Treatment Physical Surface Treatment Chemical Surface Treatment Concluding Remarks Mg with High Purity for Biomedical Application Introduction Development of Pure Mg as Degradable Metallic Biomaterial New Advances in Property Improvements on Pure Mg for Medical Purposes Concluding Remarks Mg-Ca¿Based Alloy Systems for Biomedical Applications Introduction Development of Mg-Ca Binary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials Development of Mg¿Ca¿X Ternary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials Development of Mg-Ca Quaternary and Multielementary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials Concluding Remarks Mg-Zn¿Based Alloy Systems for Biomedical Application Introduction Development of Mg-Zn Binary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials Development of Mg-Zn Ternary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials Development of Mg-Zn Quaternary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials Concluding Remarks Mg-Sr¿Based Alloy Systems for Biomedical Applications Introduction Development of Mg-Sr Binary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials Development of Mg-Sr Ternary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials Development of Mg-Sr Quaternary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials Concluding Remarks Mg-Ag¿Based Alloy System for Biomedical Applications Introduction Development of Mg-Ag Binary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials Development of Mg-Ag¿Based Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials Possible Methods of Property Improvement for Mg-Ag¿Based Alloy Systems Concluding Remarks Mg-Li¿Based Alloy Systems for Biomedical Applications Introduction Development of Mg-Li Binary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials Development of Mg-Li-X Ternary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials Development of Mg-Li Quaternary and Multielementary Alloys as Degradable Metallic Biomaterials New Advances in Property Improvements for Mg-Li¿Based Alloy Systems Concluding Remarks Mg-RE¿Based Alloy Systems for Biomedical Application General Introduction Mg-Y¿Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications Mg-Nd¿Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications Mg-Dy¿Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications Other Rare Earth Metals in Mg Alloys Conclusions on Mg-RE¿Based Biomedical Mg Alloys Fabrication and Processing of Biodegradable Mg and Its Alloys: From Raw Materials to Final Medical Devices Introduction Fabrication of Biodegradable Mg Alloy Raw Materials Forming of Biodegradable Mg Alloy Semiproducts Machining and Cutting of Biodegradable Mg Alloys Finishing of Biodegradable Mg Alloys Joining of Biodegradable Mg Alloys Sterilization of Biodegradable Mg Alloys Concluding Remarks Design of Biodegradable Mg Alloy Implants with Finite Element Analysis Introduction FEA in the Design of Bone Implants FEA in the Design of Stents Concluding Remarks: Future In Vivo Testing of Biodegradable Mg Alloy Implants In Vivo Testing of Biodegradable Mg Alloy Implants within Bone In Vivo Testing of Biodegradable Mg Alloy Implants within Blood Vessels In Vivo Testing of Biodegradable Mg Alloy Implants within the Nonvascular Lumen Concluding Remarks.