About the Editor xxix List of Contributors xxxi Preface xxxix Acknowledgments xli 1 Introduction 1 Peng Zhang 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Reader''s Manual 2 2 AI-Grid: AI-Enabled, Smart Programmable Microgrids 7 Peng Zhang, Yifan Zhou, Scott A. Smolka, Scott D. Stoller, Xin Wang, Rong Zhao, Tianyun Ling, Yucheng Xing, Shouvik Roy, and Amol Damare 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 AI-Grid Platform 8 2.3 AI-Enabled, Provably Resilient NM Operations 9 2.

4 Resilient Modeling and Prediction of NM States Under Uncertainty 12 2.5 Runtime Safety and Security Assurance for AI-Grid 20 2.6 Software Platform for AI-Grid 41 2.7 AI-Grid for Grid Modernization 55 2.8 Exercises 55 References 55 3 Distributed Power Flow and Continuation Power Flow for Steady-State Analysis of Microgrids 59 Fei Feng, Peng Zhang, and Yifan Zhou 3.1 Background 59 3.2 Individual Microgrid Power Flow 60 3.3 Networked Microgrids Power Flow 64 3.

4 Numerical Tests of Microgrid Power Flow 71 3.5 Exercises 78 References 78 4 State and Parameter Estimation for Microgrids 81 Yuzhang Lin, Yu Liu, Xiaonan Lu, and Heqing Huang 4.1 Introduction 81 4.2 State and Parameter Estimation for Inverter-Based Resources 82 4.3 State and Parameter Estimation for Network Components 94 4.4 Conclusion 102 4.5 Exercise 103 4.6 Acknowledgment 103 References 103 5 Eigenanalysis of Delayed Networked Microgrids 107 Lizhi Wang, Yifan Zhou, and Peng Zhang 5.

1 Introduction 107 5.2 Formulation of Delayed NMs 107 5.3 Delayed NMs Eigenanalysis 110 5.4 Case Study 111 5.5 Conclusion 115 5.6 Exercises 115 References 116 6 AI-Enabled Dynamic Model Discovery of Networked Microgrids 119 Yifan Zhou and Peng Zhang 6.1 Preliminaries on ODE-Based Dynamical Modeling of NMs 119 6.2 Physics-Data-Integrated ODE Model of NMs 124 6.

3 ODE-Net-Enabled Dynamic Model Discovery for Microgrids 126 6.4 Physics-Informed Learning for ODE-Net-Enabled Dynamic Models 130 6.5 Experiments 132 6.6 Summary 139 6.7 Exercises 139 References 139 7 Transient Stability Analysis for Microgrids with Grid-Forming Converters 141 Xuheng Lin and Ziang Zhang 7.1 Background 141 7.2 System Modeling 142 7.3 Metric for Transient Stability 146 7.

4 Microgrid Transient Stability Analysis 147 7.5 Conclusion and Future Directions 151 7.6 Exercises 152 References 152 8 Learning-Based Transient Stability Assessment of Networked Microgrids 155 Tong Huang 8.1 Motivation 155 8.2 Networked Microgrid Dynamics 156 8.3 Learning a Lyapunov Function 158 8.4 Case Study 162 8.5 Summary 164 8.

6 Exercises 164 References 164 9 Microgrid Protection 167 Rômulo G. Bainy and Brian K. Johnson 9.1 Introduction 167 9.2 Protection Fundamentals 167 9.3 Typical Microgrid Protection Schemes 180 9.4 Challenges Posed by Microgrids 182 9.5 Examples of Solutions in Practice 187 9.

6 Summary 192 9.7 Exercises 192 References 194 10 Microgrids Resilience: Definition, Measures, and Algorithms 197 Zhaohong Bie and Yiheng Bian 10.1 Background of Resilience and the Role of Microgrids 197 10.2 Enhance Power System Resilience with Microgrids 199 10.3 Future Challenges 216 10.4 Exercises 216 References 217 11 In Situ Resilience Quantification for Microgrids 219 Priyanka Mishra, Peng Zhang, Scott A. Smolka, Scott D. Stoller, Yifan Zhou, Yacov A.

Shamash, Douglas L. Van Bossuyt, and William W. Anderson Jr. 11.1 Introduction 219 11.2 STL-Enabled In Situ Resilience Evaluation 220 11.3 Case Study 222 11.4 Conclusion 227 11.

5 Exercises 227 11.6 Acknowledgment 227 References 227 12 Distributed Voltage Regulation of Multiple Coupled Distributed Generation Units in DC Microgrids: An Output Regulation Approach 229 Tingyang Meng, Zongli Lin, Yan Wan, and Yacov A. Shamash 12.1 Introduction 229 12.2 Problem Statement 230 12.3 Review of Output Regulation Theory 232 12.4 Distributed Voltage Regulation in the Presence of Time-Varying Loads 239 12.5 Simulation Results 241 12.

6 Conclusions 261 12.7 Exercises 261 12.8 Acknowledgment 262 References 262 13 Droop-Free Distributed Control for AC Microgrids 265 Sheik M. Mohiuddin and Junjian Qi 13.1 Cyber-Physical Microgrid Modeling 265 13.2 Hierarchical Control of Islanded Microgrid 267 13.3 Droop-Free Distributed Control with Proportional Power Sharing 271 13.4 Droop-Free Distributed Control with Voltage Profile Guarantees 273 13.

5 Steady-State Analysis for the Control in Section 13.4 277 13.6 Microgrid Test System and Control Performance 279 13.7 Steady-State Performance Under Different Loading Conditions and Controller Settings 282 13.8 Exercises 284 References 284 14 Optimal Distributed Control of AC Microgrids 287 Sheik M. Mohiuddin and Junjian Qi 14.1 Optimization Problem for Secondary Control 287 14.2 Primal-Dual Gradient Based Distributed Solving Algorithm 291 14.

3 Microgrid Test Systems 297 14.4 Control Performance on 4-DG System 298 14.5 Control Performance on IEEE 34-Bus System 300 14.6 Exercises 304 References 304 15 Cyber-Resilient Distributed Microgrid Control 307 Pouya Babahajiani and Peng Zhang 15.1 Push-Sum Enabled Resilient Microgrid Control 307 15.2 Employing Interacting Qubits for Distributed Microgrid Control 313 References 330 16 Programmable Crypto-Control for Networked Microgrids 335 Lizhi Wang, Peng Zhang, and Zefan Tang 16.1 Introduction 335 16.2 PCNMs and Privacy Requirements 336 16.

3 Dynamic Encrypted Weighted Addition 340 16.4 DEWA Privacy Analysis 343 16.5 Case Studies 345 16.6 Conclusion 354 16.7 Exercises 355 References 355 17 AI-Enabled, Cooperative Control, and Optimization in Microgrids 359 Ning Zhang, Lingxiao Yang, and Qiuye Sun 17.1 Introduction 359 17.2 Energy Hub Model in Microgirds 360 17.3 Distributed Adaptive Cooperative Control in Microgrids 361 17.

4 Optimal Energy Operation in Microgrids Based on Hybrid Reinforcement Learning 369 17.5 Conclusion 384 17.6 Exercises 384 References 385 18 DNN-Based EV Scheduling Learning for Transactive Control Framework 387 Aysegul Kahraman and Guangya Yang 18.1 Introduction 387 18.2 Transactive Control Formulation 388 18.3 Proposed Deep Neural Networks in Transactive Control 391 18.4 Case Study 392 18.5 Simulation Results and Discussion 394 18.

6 Conclusion 396 18.7 Exercises 398 References 398 19 Resilient Sensing and Communication Architecture for Microgrid Management 401 Yuzhang Lin, Vinod M. Vokkarane, Md. Zahidul Islam, and Shamsun Nahar Edib 19.1 Introduction 401 19.2 Resilient Sensing and Communication Network Planning Against Multidomain Failures 404 19.3 Observability-Aware Network Routing for Fast and Resilient Microgrid Monitoring 412 19.4 Conclusion 420 19.

5 Exercises 420 References 422 20 Resilient Networked Microgrids Against Unbounded Attacks 425 Shan Zuo, Tuncay Altun, Frank L. Lewis, and Ali Davoudi 20.1 Introduction 425 20.2 Adaptive Resilient Control of AC Microgrids Under Unbounded Actuator Attacks 427 20.3 Distributed Resilient Secondary Control of DC Microgrids Against Unbounded Attacks 437 20.4 Conclusion 449 20.5 Acknowledgment 451 20.6 Exercises 451 References 453 21 Quantum Security for Microgrids 457 Zefan Tang and Peng Zhang 21.

1 Background 457 21.2 Quantum Communication for Microgrids 459 21.3 The QKD Simulator 463 21.4 Quantum-Secure Microgrid 467 21.5 Quantum-Secure NMs 471 21.6 Experimental Results 474 21.7 Future Perspectives 481 21.8 Summary 483 21.

9 Exercises 483 References 484 22 Community Microgrid Dynamic and Power Quality Design Issues 487 Phil Barker, Tom Ortmeyer, and Clayton Burns 22.1 Introduction 487 22.2 Potsdam Resilient Microgrid Overview 488 22.3 Power Quality Parameters and Guidelines 490 22.4 Microgrid Analytical Methods 498 22.5 Analysis of Grid Parallel Microgrid Operation 499 22.6 Fault Current Contributions and Grounding 515 22.7 Microgrid Operation in Islanded Mode 529 22.

8 Conclusions and Recommendations 551 22.9 Exercises 552 22.10 Acknowledgment 553 References 553 23 A Time of Energy Transition at Princeton University 555 Edward T. Borer, Jr. 23.1 Introduction 555 23.2 Cogeneration 556 23.3 The Magic of The Refrigeration Cycle 560 23.

4 Capturing Heat, Not Wasting It 562 23.5 Multiple Forms of Energy Storage 565 23.6 Daily Thermal Storage - Chilled or Hot Water 569 23.7 Seasonal Thermal Storage - Geoexchange 571 23.8 Moving to Renewable Electricity as the Main E.