List of Figures Introduction Part I: Military Achievement and the Official Career: Ming Images of War and Pictures of Personal Meritorious Deeds Chapter 1: Ming Images of War and the Visual Culture of Officialdom Part II: Military Attainment and the Great Qing: Literary and Martial Expressions of Military Achievement from Hong Taiji to Early Qianlong Chapter 2: Military Achievement and the Manchus: "Pictorial Veritable Records of Taizu" and Hong Taiji's Construction of Manchu Identity Chapter 3: Military Achievement and the "Sagely Ancestor" (?? Shengzu): The Kangxi Court's Consolidation of Martial Attainment Culture Part III: Martial Prowess and the Empire: Qianlong Images of Military Achievement in Light of the Western Campaigns Chapter 4: The Emergence of Battle Pictures and the Pavilion of Purple Splendour as an Exhibition Space for Imperial Military Prowess Chapter 5: Obtaining Victory in the Pacification of the Zunghar and Muslim Regions and the Military Prowess of the Empire Chapter 6: The Establishment of the Imagery of Martial Attainment Conclusion Endnotes Bibliography Index.