CHAPTER 1 Writing Assignments and Essay Topics Constructing Writing Assignments Planning Assignments for Discovery and Revision Sequencing Writing Assignments Writing Assignments Presented in Written Form Heuristic for the Writer of Writing Assignments Class Discussion of the Assignment Prewriting Sample Assignments for a Writing Course Understanding the Writing Process Planning and Drafting Revising and Editing Constructing and Analyzing Argument Constructing Paragraphs Constructing Grammatical Sentences Using Dictionaries Varying Tone Analyzing Experience Becoming a Researcher Assigning a Research Paper Selected References CHAPTER 2 Helping Students Do Well on Writing Assignments Essay Tests and Writing Assessment Understanding the Assignment Writing Clear Essay Questions Responding to Unclear Essay Assignments The Role of Memory Working within Time Constraints The Twenty-Minute Essay The Thirty-Minute Essay The Forty-Five-Minute Essay One-, Two-, and Three-Hour Essays Organizing the Response Revising and Editing Computer Assisted Writing and Responding Avoiding Plagiarism Selected References CHAPTER 3 Responding to Student Writing Purposes and Effects of Responding Responding to Drafts Authority, Responsibility, and Control Sample Student Paper in Two Drafts Collaborative Writing Using Student Response Groups Fostering Self-Assessment Handling the Paper Load Presentation Copy Conclusion Selected References CHAPTER 4 Issues in Grading Writing and Using Scoring Guides Grading and Student Motivation Using Scoring Guides to Improve Assignments and Teacher Grading Scoring Guide Using Scoring Guides in Peer Group Assessment Using Scoring Guides to Help Students Assess Their Own Work Conclusion Selected References CHAPTER 5 Using Writing for Placement and Assessment Is Placement a Good Idea? Criteria for a Placement or Diagnostic Test Directed Self-Placement The New ÒWritingÓ Portion of the SAT and ACT Transfer Credit, Advanced Placement, CLEP, and Dual Enrollment Exit and Proficiency Assessments Procedures for Developing Assessments Exit Assessments Proficiency Barrier Assessments Goals of Proficiency Assessment at the University Level Types of Proficiency Assessments in Use Multicampus Testing Campus Testing Programs Course Certification Writing-Intensive Courses Test with Course Option Portfolio Assessment Certification through General Faculty Involvement Writing Assessment and Special Needs Students Language Issues Physical Disabilities Learning Disabilities Computer Scoring of Writing Selected References Disabilities References CHAPTER 6 Evaluating Impromptu Writing Based on Personal Experience The Value and Limitation of Impromptu Writing Writing about Personal Experience Essay Test 1: Personal-Experience Assignment 1 Holistic Scoring Guide Sample Student Essays Discussion of the Essays Essay Test 2: Personal-Experience Assignment 2 Holistic Scoring Guide Sample Student Essays Discussion of the Essays Essay Scoring beyond the Classroom: Using Group Scores Pretesting and Posttesting Using Impromptu Writing Selected References CHAPTER 7 Evaluating Impromptu Writing Based on Given Texts Literature and the Teaching of Writing Essay Test 3: Text-Based Topic 1 Holistic Scoring Guide Sample Student Essays Discussion of the Essays Essay Test 4: Text-Based Topic 2 Holistic Scoring Guide Sample Student Essays Discussion of the Essays Constructive Notes on Impromptu Writing for Assessment Selected References CHAPTER 8 Using Portfolios A Brief History of Portfolios and Their Evaluation Problems with Holistic Scoring of Portfolios Keys to Phase 2: Goals Statements and the Reflective Letter Teacher-Graded Course Portfolios Staff-Graded Course Portfolios Outcomes Assessments Scoring Portfolios Based on the Reflective Letter Appendix: Sample Goals Statements A. California State University at San Bernardino, Department of English GOALS for English Majors B. Northern Arizona University Goals for English 105 C. Arizona State University Writing Programs Course Goals, Objectives, and Outcomes D. University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering Writing Outcomes Selected References EPILOGUE Concluding Notes on Assessment and the Teaching of Writing Index.