Preface xv 1 Electrospinning Theory 1 Liang Wei 1.1 Nanotechnology and Nanofibers 1 1.1.1 Development History of Nanotechnology 1 1.1.2 Introduction to Nanofibers 2 1.1.3 Main Characteristics of Nanofibers 3 1.

2 Research History of Electrospinning 3 1.3 Development Prospect of Electrospinning 10 1.3.1 Application of Electrostatic Spinning Technology 10 1.3.2 Development Direction of Electrospinning Technology 12 References 12 2 Regulation of Electrospun Fiber Structure 15 Jiatai Gu and Liming Wang 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Solution Properties 15 2.

2.1 Concentration of Polymer Solution 16 2.2.2 Molecular Weight 16 2.2.3 Solution Conductivity 17 2.2.4 Solvent 18 2.

3 Spinning Parameters 19 2.3.1 Voltage 19 2.3.2 Spinning Distance 20 2.3.3 Flow Rate 20 2.3.

4 Temperature and Humidity 21 2.4 Nozzles 22 2.5 Collectors 23 2.6 Conclusions 24 References 25 3 Mass Production of Electrospun Nanofibers 29 Xian Wen and Liming Wang 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 Multiple-needle Electrospinning 30 3.3 Multiple-hole Electrospinning 31 3.4 Free-surface Electrospinning 32 3.

4.1 Static Electrode Free-surface Electrospinning 32 3.4.2 Rotating Electrode Free-surface Electrospinning 34 3.4.3 Slit-surface Electrospinning 35 3.5 Melt Electrospinning 36 3.6 Multifield-assisted Electrospinning 38 3.

7 Future and Prospects 38 References 39 4 Manufacturing and Application of Electrospinning Nanofiber Yarn 45 Ailin Li, Liming Wang, and Xiaohong Qin 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 Electrospun Pure Nanofiber Yarns 46 4.2.1 Processing of Electrospun Pure Nanofiber Yarns 46 4.2.1.1 Pure Nanofiber Yarn Bundling by Parallel Collector 46 4.

2.1.2 Pure Nanofiber Yarn-Producing Methods by Rotating Collectors 47 4.2.1.3 Pure Nanofiber Yarn Producing Methods by Water Bath Collecting System 48 4.2.1.

4 Pure Nanofiber Yarn by Electric Field-Assisted System 49 4.2.1.5 Twisted Nanofiber Yarn by Conjugate Electrospinning Method 52 4.2.1.6 Twisted Nanofiber Yarn by Airflow System 54 4.2.

2 Application of Electrospun Pure Nanofiber Yarns 54 4.2.2.1 Pure Nanofiber Yarns in Functional Textiles 55 4.2.2.2 Pure Nanofiber Yarns in Biomedical Engineering 56 4.2.

2.3 Pure Nanofiber Yarns in Other Fields 57 4.3 Electrospun Core-spun Yarns 57 4.3.1 Processing of Electrospun Core-spun Yarns 57 4.3.1.1 Single-needle Electrospun Core-spun Yarn-producing System 57 4.

3.1.2 Conjugate Electrospun Core-spun Nanofiber Yarn-producing System 58 4.3.2 Application of Electrospun Core-spun Yarns 60 4.3.2.1 Electrospun Core-spun Yarns in the Biomedical Engineering Field 60 4.

3.2.2 Electrospun Core-spun Yarns in the Wearable Electronics 60 4.3.2.3 Electrospun Core-spun Yarns in the Functional Textiles 61 4.3.2.

4 Electrospun Core-spun Yarns in Gas Sensors 61 4.4 Micro-/nanofiber Composite Yarns 62 4.4.1 Processing of Micro-/Nanofiber Composite Yarns 62 4.4.2 Application of Micro-/Nanofiber Composite Yarns 64 4.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 64 References 65 5 Application of Electrospinning in Air Filtration 71 Yunpu Liu and Xiaohong Qin 5.1 Introduction 71 5.

2 Characterization of Filtration Effect of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes 73 5.2.1 Filtration Efficiency 73 5.2.2 Pressure Drop 74 5.2.3 Quality Factor 74 5.2.

4 Dust Holding Capacity 75 5.3 Filtration Mechanism of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes 75 5.3.1 Single-Fiber Filtration Mechanism 75 5.3.2 Fibrous Membrane Filtration Mechanism 77 5.4 Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Air Filtration 77 5.4.

1 Fiber-Morphology-Based Membranes 78 5.4.1.1 Beaded Fibers 78 5.4.1.2 Rough Surface Fibers 80 5.4.

1.3 Porous Fibers 82 5.4.1.4 Curly Fibers 83 5.4.2 Structure-Based Membranes 84 5.4.

2.1 Bimodal Structure 84 5.4.2.2 Bonding Structure 86 5.4.2.3 Nano-Spider Web Structure 87 5.

4.2.4 Gradient Structure 87 5.4.2.5 Multilayer Composite Structure 90 5.5 Functional Nanofibrous Membranes for Filtration 95 5.5.

1 Heat-Resisting Membranes 95 5.5.2 Harmful Gas Adsorbing Membranes 97 5.5.3 Antimicrobial Membranes 98 5.5.4 High Humidity and Greasy Smoke Environment-Resistant Membranes 99 5.5.

5 Biodegradable Membranes 100 5.6 Summary and Prospect 101 References 102 6 Electrospun Nanofibers for Separation Applications in Oil-Water Systems 109 Chengdong Xiong and Rongwu Wang 6.1 Introduction 109 6.2 Current Situation of Oily Wastewater 109 6.2.1 Source of Oily Wastewater and Its Hazards 110 6.2.2 Treatment Methods for Oily Wastewater 112 6.

3 Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Oil-Water Separation 114 6.3.1 Preparation Technology of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane 115 6.3.2 Design Mechanism of Nanofibrous Membrane for Oil-Water Separation 116 6.3.2.1 Oil-Water Separation Membranes Based on Different Pore Sizes 116 6.

3.2.2 Oil-Water Separation Membranes Based on Different Wettability 119 6.3.3 Oil-Water Separation Modes 120 6.3.3.1 Hydrophobic and Oleophilic Membranes 121 6.

3.3.2 Hydrophilic and Oleophobic Membranes 122 6.4 Summary and Future Perspectives 124 References 126 7 Electrospun Nanofiber-based Evaporators for Interfacial Solar-driven Steam Generation 135 Huijie Liu and Xiaohong Qin 7.1 Introduction 135 7.2 Interfacial Solar Steam Generation (ISSG) System 135 7.3 The Photothermal Conversion Materials and Steam Generation Efficiency Calculation 136 7.3.

1 Photothermal Materials 136 7.3.2 Steam Generation Efficiency Calculation 137 7.3.2.1 Efficient Solar Absorption 137 7.3.2.

2 Efficient Light-to-heat Conversion 137 7.3.2.3 Efficient Heat-to-Vapor Generation 138 7.4 The Preparation of the Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Evaporators 138 7.4.1 Two-dimensional (2D) Photothermal Membrane 138 7.4.

2 3D Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Evaporators 139 7.5 Applications 141 7.5.1 Desalination 141 7.5.2 Wastewater Purification 142 7.5.3 Power Generation 145 7.

6 Conclusion and Future Perspective 146 References 147 8 Electrospinning Waterproof and Breathable Membrane 153 Lu Zhang, Lei Zhang, and Li Liu 8.1 Introduction 153 8.2 Waterproof and Breathable Theory 154 8.2.1 Waterproof Mechanism 154 8.2.1.1 Wetting Theory 154 8.

2.1.2 Penetration Theory 155 8.2.2 Breathable Mechanism 155 8.2.2.1 "Adsorption-Diffusion-Desorption" Mechanism of Polymer Hydrophilic Groups 155 8.

2.2.2 Micropore Diffusion Mechanism 156 8.3 Classification of Waterproof and Breathable Membranes 156 8.3.1 Hydrophilic Nonporous Membrane 156 8.3.2 Hydrophobic Microporous Membrane 158 8.

4 Methods of Fabricating Waterproof and Breathable Membrane 159 8.4.1 Biaxial Stretching 159 8.4.2 Melt Extrusion 159 8.4.3 Phase Separation 160 8.4.

4 Flash Method 160 8.4.5 Electrospinning 160 8.4.5.1 Direct Spinning 161 8.4.5.

2 Post-Treatment Modification 161 8.5 Applications of Waterproof and Breathable Membrane 162 8.5.1 Clothing 162 8.5.2 Construction 164 8.5.3 Healthcare 165 8.

5.4 Electronic and Electrical 166 8.5.5 Others 167 8.6 Summary 167 References 167 9 Preparation and Application of Electrospun Nanofibers in Heat Insulation 173 Mantang He and Xiaohong Qin 9.1 Introduction 173 9.2 Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Nanofiber-Based Insulation Materials 174 9.2.

1 Heat Conduction 175 9.2.2 Thermal Radiation 175 9.2.3 Heat Convection 176 9.2.4 Water Transport 176 9.3 2D Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Heat Insulation 177 9.

4 3D Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Aerogels for Heat Insulation 178 9.4.1 Nondirectional Freeze-Drying Aerogel 179 9.4.2 Directional Freeze-Drying Aerogel 181 9.4.3 Insulation for Buildings and Constructions 183 9.4.

4 High-Temperature-Protective Clothing 184 9.4.5 Insulation for Ski Resorts 184 9.5 Conclusion 185 References 185 10 Research Progress on Sound Absorption of Electrospun Fibrous Materials 189 Jinyu He and Xinxin li 10.1 Introduction 189 10.2 Mechanism of Sound Absorption 190 10.3 Classification of Sound-Absorbing Materials 191 10.4 Electrospun Fibrous Materials for Sound Absorption 194 10.

4.1 Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Sound Absorption 195 10.4.2 Nanocomposite Materials for Sound Absorption 195 10.4.3 Nanofibrous Aerogel for Sound Absorption 197 10.5 Effect of Electrospinning Parameters on Sound Absorption 197 10.6 Future Development of Sound-Absorbing Electrospun Materials 198 References 199 11 Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator 205 Chentian Zhang and Xueping Zhang 11.

1 Introduction 205 11.2 Triboelectric Nanogenerator 205 11.2.1 Working Mechanism 206 11.2.2 Four Fundamental Working Modes 206 11.2.2.

1 Vertical Contact-Separation Mode 206 11.2.2.2 Lateral-Sliding Mode 207 11.2.2.3 Single-Electrode Mode 207 11.2.

2.4.