Introduction xxix Part I Fundamental Routing Concepts Chapter 1 Characteristics of Routing Protocols 3 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 3 Foundation Topics 6 Routing Protocol Fundamentals 6 The Role of Routing in an Enterprise Network 6 Routing Protocol Selection 7 Scalability 8 Vendor Interoperability 8 IT Staff''s Familiarity with Protocol 9 Speed of Convergence 9 Capability to Perform Summarization 9 Interior or Exterior Routing 10 Routing Protocol Categories 11 Network Technology Fundamentals 16 Network Traffic Types 16 Unicast 16 Broadcast 16 Multicast 17 Anycast 18 Network Architecture Types 19 Point-to-Point Network 19 Broadcast Network 19 NBMA 20 TCP/IP Fundamentals 21 IP Characteristics 21 Routing Review 24 Asymmetric Routing 27 Maximum Transmission Unit 30 ICMP Messages 30 TCP Characteristics 31 Three-Way Handshake 33 TCP Sliding Window 33 Out-of-Order Delivery 35 UDP Characteristics 35 Network Migration Strategies 36 Routing Protocol Changes 36 IPv6 Migration 37 Spanning Tree Protocol Migration 38 Migration to Easy Virtual Networking 39 Exam Preparation Tasks 42 Planning Practice 42 Design Review Table 42 Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 43 Review All the Key Topics 44 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 45 Definitions of Key Terms 45 Chapter 2 Remote Site Connectivity 47 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 47 Foundation Topics 50 Remote Connectivity Overview 50 MPLS-Based Virtual Private Networks 50 Tunnel-Based Virtual Private Networks 50 Hybrid Virtual Private Networks 51 MPLS VPN 51 Layer 2 MPLS VPN 51 Layer 3 MPLS VPN 52 GRE 53 DMVPN 56 Multipoint GRE 57 NHRP 59 IPsec 61 Exam Preparation Tasks 66 Planning Practice 66 Design Review Table 66 Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 67 Create an Implementation Plan Table 68 Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 68 Review All the Key Topics 69 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 69 Define Key Terms 69 Part II IGP Routing Protocols Chapter 3 IPv6 Review and RIPng 71 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 71 Foundation Topics 75 Global Unicast Addressing, Routing, and Subnetting 76 Global Route Aggregation for Efficient Routing 77 Conventions for Representing IPv6 Addresses 79 Conventions for Writing IPv6 Prefixes 80 Global Unicast Prefix Assignment Example 82 Subnetting Global Unicast IPv6 Addresses Inside an Enterprise 84 Prefix Terminology 87 IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses Assignment 87 Stateful DHCP for IPv6 88 Stateless Autoconfiguration 89 Learning the Prefix/Length and Default Router with NDP Router Advertisements 89 Calculating the Interface ID Using EUI-64 91 Finding the DNS IP Addresses Using Stateless DHCP 92 Static IPv6 Address Configuration 93 Survey of IPv6 Addressing 93 Overview of IPv6 Addressing 93 Unicast IPv6 Addresses 94 Unique Local IPv6 Addresses 94 Link-local Unicast Addresses 95 IPv6 Unicast Address Summary 96 Multicast and Other Special IPv6 Addresses 97 Layer 2 Addressing Mapping and Duplicate Address Detection 97 Neighbor Discovery Protocol for Layer 2 Mapping 98 Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) 99 Inverse Neighbor Discovery 99 Configuring IPv6 Addresses on Cisco Routers 100 Configuring Static IPv6 Addresses on Routers 101 Multicast Groups Joined by IPv6 Router Interfaces 103 Connected Routes and Neighbors 104 The IPv6 Neighbor Table 104 Stateless Autoconfiguration 105 RIP Next Generation (RIPng) 107 RIPng: Theory and Comparisons to RIPv2 108 Configuring RIPng 109 Verifying RIPng 112 Exam Preparation Tasks 115 Planning Practice 115 Design Review Table 115 Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 115 Create an Implementation Plan Table 116 Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 117 Review All the Key Topics 118 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 118 Define Key Terms 118 Chapter 4 Fundamental EIGRP Concepts 121 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 121 Foundation Topics 125 EIGRP Fundamentals 125 Configuration Review 125 Verification Review 127 Internals Review 131 Exchanging Topology Information 131 Calculating the Best Routes for the Routing Table 132 EIGRP Neighborships 134 Manipulating EIGRP Hello and Hold Timers 134 Configuring the Hello/Hold Timers 135 Verifying the Hello/Hold Timers 137 Preventing Unwanted Neighbors Using Passive Interfaces 138 Controlling Neighborships with Static Configuration 141 Configuring Static EIGRP Neighbors 142 Caveat When Using EIGRP Static Neighbors 143 Configuration Settings That Could Prevent Neighbor Relationships 144 Configuring EIGRP Metric Components (K-values) 145 EIGRP Router ID 146 Neighborship over WANs 147 Neighborship on Frame Relay 147 Neighborship on MPLS VPN 148 Neighborship on Metro Ethernet 149 Exam Preparation Tasks 150 Planning Practice 150 Design Review Table 150 Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 150 Create an Implementation Plan Table 151 Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 151 Review All the Key Topics 152 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 153 Define Key Terms 153 Chapter 5 Advanced EIGRP Concepts 155 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 155 Foundation Topics 162 Building the EIGRP Topology Table 162 Seeding the EIGRP Topology Table 162 The Content of EIGRP Update Message 163 The EIGRP Update Process 166 WAN Issues for EIGRP Topology Exchange 167 Split Horizon Default on Frame Relay Multipoint Subinterfaces 167 EIGRP WAN Bandwidth Control 170 Building the IP Routing Table 172 Calculating the Metrics: Feasible Distance and Reported Distance 172 EIGRP Metric Tuning 174 Configuring Bandwidth and Delay 175 Choosing Bandwidth Settings on WAN Subinterfaces 175 Metric Weights (K-values) 178 Offset Lists 178 Unequal Metric Route Load Sharing 180 Optimizing EIGRP Convergence 183 Fast Convergence to Feasible Successors 183 Successor and Feasible Successor Concepts 184 Verification of Feasible Successors 185 Converging by Going Active 188 The Impact of Stub Routers on Query Scope 190 The Impact of Summary Routes on Query Scope 192 Stuck in Active 193 Route Filtering 194 Filtering by Referencing ACLs 196 Filtering by Referencing IP Prefix Lists 198 IP Prefix List Concepts 199 Samples of Prefix List Matching 201 Using IP Prefix Lists to Filter EIGRP Routes 202 Filtering by Using Route Maps 204 Route Map Concepts 204 Using Route Maps to Filter EIGRP Routes 206 Route Summarization 208 Calculating Summary Routes 209 Choosing Where to Summarize Routes 209 Influencing the Choice of Best Route for Summary Routes 210 Suboptimal Forwarding with Summarization 211 Route Summarization Benefits and Trade-offs 213 Configuring EIGRP Route Summarization 213 Auto-summary 217 Default Routes 219 Default Routing to the Internet Router 219 Default Routing Configuration with EIGRP 220 Advertising Static Default Routes with EIGRP 220 Configuring a Default Network 221 Exam Preparation Tasks 225 Planning Practice 225 Design Review Table 225 Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 226 Create an Implementation Plan Table 227 Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 228 Review All the Key Topics 229 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 230 Define Key Terms 230 Chapter 6 EIGRP for IPv6 and Named EIGRP 233 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 233 Foundation Topics 236 EIGRP for IPv6 236 EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6: Theory and Comparisons 236 Configuring EIGRP for IPv6 237 Verifying EIGRP for IPv6 240 Named EIGRP 243 The Named EIGRP Hierarchical Structure 244 Traditional EIGRP and Named EIGRP Configurations Compared 245 Verifying Named EIGRP 250 Exam Preparation Tasks 253 Planning Practice 253 Design Review Table 253 Implementation Plan Peer Review Table 253 Create an Implementation Plan Table 254 Choose Commands for a Verification Plan Table 255 Review All the Key Topics 255 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 256 Define Key Terms 256 Chapter 7 Fundamental OSPF Concepts 259 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 259 Foundation Topics 263 OSPF Review 263 OSPF Link-State Concepts 263 OSPF Configuration Review 266 OSPF Verification Review 268 OSPF Feature Summary 271 OSPF Neighbors and Adjacencies on LANs 272 Enabling OSPF Neighbor Discovery on LANs 272 Settings That Must Match for OSPF Neighborship 274 Optimizing Convergence Using Hello and Dead Timers 275 Using a Unique OSPF Router ID 278 Using the Same IP MTU 279 OSPF Neighbors and Adjacencies on.