Preface CHAPTER 1 Why Philosophy CHAPTER 2 The Pre-Socratics and the Sophists CHAPTER 3 Socrates: An Examined Life CHAPTER 4 Plato: The Really Real CHAPTER 5 Aristotle: Reason and Nature CHAPTER 6 Eastern Thought CHAPTER 7 The Hellenistic Era CHAPTER 8 The Medieval Period CHAPTER 9 Descartes: Doubt and Certainty CHAPTER 10 From Hobbes to Hume CHAPTER 11 Kant's Revolution CHAPTER 12 John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism CHAPTER 13 Hegel and Marx CHAPTER 14 Existentialism CHAPTER 15 The Pragmatists: Peirce and James CHAPTER 16 Feminist Philosophers CHAPTER 17 The Contemporary Period CHAPTER 18 The Meaning of Life APPENDIX A How to Write a Philosophy Paper APPENDIX B Deductive and Inductive Arguments APPENDIX C Evaluating Online Sources Glossary Credits Index of Marginal Quotations General Index.